flower_anther_orientation

Label: Anther orientation
Entity URI: https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012416
Type: categorical
Definition: An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which is the position [PATO:0000140] and orientation [PATO:0000133] of the stomia [PO:0020101] that form the anther dehiscence zone [PO:0005011]; stomia are the slit-like [PATO:0002482] openings in the anther [PO:0009066] through which pollen [PO:0025281] is released.;Orientation of anther at anthesis.
Additional comments: Anthers of angiosperms are rather uniform in their basic structure. They normally have four microsporangia (pollen sacs) that are arranged pair-wise in two thecae. The two microsporangia of a theca usually release their pollen grains through a common opening (stomium). Often, it is difficult to establish anther orientation clearly in a flower as this is a gradual feature with many intermediate stages. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character '311. Anther orientation (D1)'

Allowed values:

value	description
apical	When thecae are positioned in a transverse position at the tip of the connective and thus dehisce upward in the flower (e.g., Sinofranchetia, Endress and Hufford, 1989).
extrorse	When the stomia of the thecae face the floral periphery.
introrse	When the stomia of the thecae face the floral centre.
latrorse	When pollen is released toward the side (i.e., toward neighbouring anthers).

See the AusTraits Plant Dictionary (https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012416) for additional information about this trait.

Coverage

For this trait, AusTraits includes a total of 735 records. This includes: