AusTraits

Acacia paradoxa

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Family Fabaceae

Taxonomy: Acacia paradoxa DC.

Synonyms: 37 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Acacia armata R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata R.Br. f. armata (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata R.Br. var. armata (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata f. ornithophora (Sweet) Voss (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata f. undulata Voss (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. angustifolia Benth. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. longipedunculata Regel (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. microphylla Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. ornithophora (Sweet) Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. paradoxa (DC.) Ser. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. pendula Seem. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. plana Ser. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. typica Domin (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. undulata Domin (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Acacia armata var. undulata Riebe (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia armatoides Walp. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia furcifera Lindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia ornithophora Sweet (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia undulata Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia undulata Spin (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Acacia undulata Willd. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia undulata Willd. ex H.L.Wendl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia undulata Willd. ex Spreng. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia undulata var. elegans Jacques (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia undulata var. longispina Vis. (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
  • Acacia undulata-elegans Jacques (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
  • Mimosa armata (R.Br.) Poir. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Mimosa paradoxa (DC.) Poir. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Mimosa paradoxa Dum.Cours. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Phyllodoce armata (R.Br.) Link (taxonomic synonym)
  • Phyllodoce undulata Link (taxonomic synonym)
  • Racosperma armata (R.Br.) Mart. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Racosperma paradoxum (DC.) Pedley (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Racosperma paradoxum D.A.Morrison & S.J.Davies (taxonomic synonym)
  • Racosperma paradoxum Kodela & G.J.Harden (taxonomic synonym)
  • Racosperma paradoxum Pedley (taxonomic synonym)
  • Racosperma undulata Mart. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (17), ANBG_2019 (5), Cheal_2017 (6), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2015 (2), Collette_2021 (1), Dong_2017 (8), Draper_2023 (3), Fonseca_2000 (9), Gallagher_2011_1 (1), Gallagher_2011_3 (1), Hughes_1992 (5), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_5 (1), Manea_2011 (1), Maslin_2012 (13), McGlone_2015 (6), Morgan_2011_1 (5), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (14), NSWFRD_2014 (7), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (17), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (14), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Staples_2019 (5), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (38), Williams_2005 (4), Williams_2011 (8), Wright_2000 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 76 traits from 244 records in 39 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 55 mm (20-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 4.12 mm (3-5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): legume (7) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 32.85 mm2 (32-33.7 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 18.5 mm (8-30 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 4.51 mm (2-7 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 5 mg (4-6 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 123.95 g/m2 (88.73-172.41 g/m2) [sources: Dong_2017; Fonseca_2000; Gallagher_2011_3]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); lanceolate (4); narrowly_elliptical (1); narrowly_oblong (2); oblong (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): undulate (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: Maslin_2012; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1); phyllode (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (4) [sources: Munroe_2019; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (14); tree (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; Maslin_2012; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (3) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (10) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; Maslin_2012; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Williams_2005]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): bushy (1); compact (1); dense (2); erect (1); spreading (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Maslin_2012]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Dong_2017; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (3) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1); endozoochory (1); myrmecochory (5); zoochory (3) [sources: Draper_2023; Hughes_1992; Kew_2019_5; Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): ants (1); invertebrates (2); passive (1); vertebrates (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnyyynn (1); nnnnnnnyyyyn (2); nnnnnnyyyyyn (2) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
  • serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1); persistent (3) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): physical_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (4) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2005]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 27.59 mg/g (27.59-27.59 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.84 {delta}[ppth] (-27.84--27.84 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 11.97 mg (9.94-14.1 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 4.53 mm (3.5-5 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; RBGV_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 2.2 mm (2.2-2.2 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ellipsoid (2); ovoid (1); ovoid_elongated (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; ANBG_2019; Maslin_2012; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.79 mg/mm3 (0.76-0.82 mg/mm3) [sources: Staples_2019]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 3.06 m (1-5 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Hughes_1992; Maslin_2012; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2]
  • plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): sharp_pointed_defence (2) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
White_20201938M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
ABRS_20231217Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
RBGV_20231217VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2023914N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_20231014S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Maslin_20121013B. Maslin. WATTLE, Interactive Identification of Australian Acacia. Version 2. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 2014.
Fonseca_200059C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Wright_200099I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Dong_201788N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
Williams_201188R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
NSWFRD_201477B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Cheal_201766D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
ANBG_201955Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Hughes_199255L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Morgan_2011_155J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
NHNSW_2014_255Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Staples_201915T. Staples, J. M. Dwyer, J. R. England, and M. M. Mayfield. “Productivity does not correlate with species and functional diversity in Australian reforestation plantings across a wide climate gradient”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 28.10 (2019), pp. 1417-1429. doi: 10.1111/geb.12962.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_202244S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Williams_200544N. S. G. Williams, J. W. Morgan, M. J. McDonnell, and M. A. McCarthy. “Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban-rural gradient”. Journal of Ecology 93.6 (2005), pp. 1203-1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01039.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Clarke_201522P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Gallagher_2011_111R. V. Gallagher, M. R. Leishman, J. T. Miller, C. Hui, D. M. Richardson, J. Suda, and P. Travnicek. “Invasiveness in introduced Australian acacias: The role of species traits and genome size”. Diversity and Distributions 17 (2011), pp. 884-897. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00805.x.
Gallagher_2011_311R. V. Gallagher, M. R. Leishman, J. T. Miller, C. Hui, D. M. Richardson, J. Suda, and P. Travnicek. “Invasiveness in introduced Australian acacias: The role of species traits and genome size”. Diversity and Distributions 17 (2011), pp. 884-897. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00805.x.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Manea_201111A. Manea. “Unpublished data: Dispersal appendage data for Acacia via Worldwide Wattle, Macquarie University”. 2011.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.