Acacia penninervis

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Family Fabaceae

Taxonomy: Acacia penninervis Sieber ex DC.

Synonyms: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)

Acacia impressa Lindl. (taxonomic synonym)
Acacia impressa Lindl. var. impressa (taxonomic synonym)
Acacia penninervis var. impressa Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Racosperma penninerve (DC.) Pedley (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (17), Atkinson_2020_2 (8), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2015 (3), Fonseca_2000 (13), Gallagher_2011_1 (1), Gallagher_2011_3 (1), Ilic_2000 (2), Kew_2019_1 (3), Kew_2019_4 (1), Kew_2019_6 (3), Manea_2011 (1), Maslin_2012 (12), McGlone_2015 (6), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (14), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (19), Wright_2000 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 62 traits from 136 records in 23 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2) [sources: Clarke_2015; White_2020]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (1); yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 162.5 mm (50-200 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 13.5 mm (10-17 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): legume (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 784.35 mm2 (322.4-1261.1 mm2) [sources: Atkinson_2020_2; Fonseca_2000]
leaf_length (numerical): 110 mm (50-160 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 22.73 mm (7-40 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 185.67 mg (144-257 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 202.34 g/m2 (145.35-259.13 g/m2) [sources: Atkinson_2020_2; Fonseca_2000; Gallagher_2011_3]
leaf_shape (categorical): narrowly_elliptical (2); narrowly_oblanceolate (1); oblanceolate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_base_shape (categorical): attenuate (1); oblique (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: Maslin_2012; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1); not_glaucous (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1); phyllode (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; NHNSW_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: White_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (5); tree (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Fonseca_2000; Maslin_2012; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Maslin_2012; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1); spreading (1) [sources: NHNSW_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Maslin_2012]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: White_2020]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: White_2020]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): zoochory (1) [sources: White_2020]
dispersers (categorical): invertebrates (1) [sources: White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnnnn (1); yynnnnnnnnyy (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 44.24 mg (22.32-57.8 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 6.75 mm (6-7 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012]
seed_shape (categorical): ellipsoid (2); ovoid_elongated (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.64 mg/mm3 (0.6-0.67 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 7.25 m (2-8 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Maslin_2012; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	19	19	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
ABRS_2023	13	17	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_2023	9	14	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Fonseca_2000	5	13	C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Maslin_2012	10	12	B. Maslin. WATTLE, Interactive Identification of Australian Acacia. Version 2. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 2014.
Wright_2000	9	9	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Atkinson_2020_2	2	8	J. Atkinson. “Unpublished data: Investigation of how leaf traits may determine ecological restoration outcomes, University of New South Wales”. 2020.
McGlone_2015	6	6	M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
NHNSW_2014_2	5	5	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Chen_2017	4	4	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
NHNSW_2022	4	4	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Kew_2019_1	1	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_6	1	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Ilic_2000	1	2	J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Gallagher_2011_1	1	1	R. V. Gallagher, M. R. Leishman, J. T. Miller, C. Hui, D. M. Richardson, J. Suda, and P. Travnicek. “Invasiveness in introduced Australian acacias: The role of species traits and genome size”. Diversity and Distributions 17 (2011), pp. 884-897. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00805.x.
Gallagher_2011_3	1	1	R. V. Gallagher, M. R. Leishman, J. T. Miller, C. Hui, D. M. Richardson, J. Suda, and P. Travnicek. “Invasiveness in introduced Australian acacias: The role of species traits and genome size”. Diversity and Distributions 17 (2011), pp. 884-897. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00805.x.
Kew_2019_4	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Oil content data from Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Manea_2011	1	1	A. Manea. “Unpublished data: Dispersal appendage data for Acacia via Worldwide Wattle, Macquarie University”. 2011.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.