Acaena echinata

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Family Rosaceae

Taxonomy: Acaena echinata Nees

Synonyms: 13 (APC 2026-07-30)

Acaena behriana Schltdl. (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena echinata Nees var. echinata (nomenclatural synonym)
Acaena echinata var. retrorsumpilosa (Bitter) Orchard (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena echinata var. robusta Orchard (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena echinata var. subglabricalyx (Bitter) Orchard (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena echinata var. tylacantha Orchard (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena pennatula Gand. (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena x ovina subsp. calviscapa Bitter (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena x ovina subsp. capitulata Bitter (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena x ovina subsp. maxima Bitter (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena x ovina var. laxissima Bitter (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena x ovina var. retrorsumpilosa Bitter (taxonomic synonym)
Acaena x ovina var. subglabricalyx Bitter (taxonomic synonym)

Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Acaena x ovina A.Cunn. (pro parte misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA, SA, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Angevin_2011 (7), Cheal_2017 (5), Cross_2009 (4), Doherty_2021 (2), Draper_2023 (2), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_6 (1), Lunt_2012 (1), Mokany_2015 (2), Morgan_2011_1 (5), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (9), NSWFRD_2014 (11), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (17), SAH_2022 (15), SAH_2023 (10), Sjostrom_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (18), WAH_2023_2 (12), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (10), White_2020 (120), Williams_2011 (9), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (27). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 80 traits from 313 records in 30 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (9) [sources: Cheal_2017; Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 12 mo (12-12 mo) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): green (1) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_type (categorical): achene (8) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 472.83 mm2 (109.96-835.7 mm2) [sources: Angevin_2011; Mokany_2015]
leaf_length (numerical): 50.94 mm (4-150 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_width (numerical): 8 mm (3-13 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 75.82 g/m2 (75.82-75.82 g/m2) [sources: Angevin_2011; Cross_2009]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.34 g/g (0.34-0.34 g/g) [sources: Angevin_2011]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); narrowly_obovate (2); oblanceolate (2); oblong (2); ovate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (1); toothed_serrate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1); revolute (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed_deep (1); unlobed (1) [sources: RBGV_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (4) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (8) [sources: Munroe_2019; White_2020; Williams_2011]
plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (24) [sources: Angevin_2011; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (2) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): perennial (19) [sources: Cheal_2017; Cross_2009; Jordan_2001; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (14) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): decumbent (1); erect (1) [sources: RBGV_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (7) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (6) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (6); wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): epizoochory (10); myrmecochory (1); zoochory (1) [sources: Angevin_2011; Draper_2023; Morgan_2011_1; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): ants (1); mammals (6) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnnny (1); yyynnnnnyyyy (1); yyyynnnyyyyy (6) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; WAH_1998; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (6) [sources: White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1); vegetative (6) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; White_2020]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); bud-bearing_root (1) [sources: Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 9 mg (6.9-10.42 mg) [sources: Angevin_2011; Cross_2009; Kew_2019_1; Lunt_2012]
seed_length (numerical): 2 mm (2-2 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
seed_width (numerical): 2 mm (2-2 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.35 m (0.07-0.45 m) [sources: Mokany_2015; RBGV_2023; WAH_2023_2; Wheeler_2002]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): sharp_pointed_defence (6) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	20	120	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
eFLOWER_Dun_2022	24	27	L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
WAH_2022_2	3	18	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
RBGV_2023	11	17	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2022	3	15	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_2	1	12	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_2014	10	11	B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
SAH_2023	5	10	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Wheeler_2002	8	10	J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
NHNSW_2023	7	9	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Williams_2011	9	9	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Angevin_2011	7	7	T. Angevin. “Species richness and functional trait diversity response to land use in a temperate eucalypt woodland community”. Honours. La Trobe University, 2011.
Jordan_2001	7	7	G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Cheal_2017	5	5	D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Morgan_2011_1	5	5	J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
Cross_2009	4	4	E. Cross. “The characteristics of natives and invaders: A trait-based investigation into the theory of limiting similarity.”. Honours. La Trobe University, 2009.
RBGV_2022	4	4	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
NHNSW_2022	3	3	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Doherty_2021	2	2	M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Draper_2023	2	2	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Kew_2019_1	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Mokany_2015	2	2	K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_6	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Lunt_2012	1	1	I. Lunt and J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Trait data from various Morgan and Lunt projects 1990-2012, Charles Sturt & La Trobe University”. 2012.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
NHNSW_2014_2	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.