Actinotus helianthi

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Family Apiaceae

Taxonomy: Actinotus helianthi Labill.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Eriocalia major Sm. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW, Vic (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ANBG_2019 (6), Falster_2005_2 (10), Fonseca_2000 (5), Gallagher_2018 (20), Hughes_1992 (3), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_6 (1), Kubiak_2009 (9), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (9), NHNSW_2024 (10), NSWFRD_2014 (11), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (13), Schmidt_1993 (1), Sjostrom_2006 (2), Stephens_2023 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (3), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (24). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 71 traits from 137 records in 21 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (4) [sources: Falster_2005_2; Kubiak_2009; NSWFRD_2014]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): green (1); white_cream (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; eFLOWER_Dun_2022]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 4.05 mm (3-5 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2024; RBGV_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 2.3 mm (1.8-2.8 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2024]
fruit_type (categorical): mericarp (2) [sources: RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): brown (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 257.65 mm2 (36.6-586 mm2) [sources: Falster_2005_2; Fonseca_2000; Gallagher_2018]
leaf_length (numerical): 40.83 mm (15-50 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NHNSW_2024; RBGV_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 26.76 mm (1.7-50 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; NHNSW_2014_2; NHNSW_2024; RBGV_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 9.25 mg (4-22.53 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Gallagher_2018]
petiole_length (numerical): 2.9 cm (0.8-5 cm) [sources: NHNSW_2024; RBGV_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 97.57 g/m2 (80.02-111.11 g/m2) [sources: Falster_2005_2; Fonseca_2000; Gallagher_2018]
leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: NHNSW_2024]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: NHNSW_2024; RBGV_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (5) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): annual (2); perennial (2) [sources: RBGV_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (2) [sources: RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1) [sources: RBGV_2022]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Schmidt_1993]
pollination_system (categorical): insect (1) [sources: Stephens_2023]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
dispersers (categorical): wind (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyn (2); nnnnnnnnyyyy (1) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014]
seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 12.02 mg/g (7.33-16.7 mg/g) [sources: Falster_2005_2; Gallagher_2018]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.16 mg/g (0.16-0.16 mg/g) [sources: Gallagher_2018]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.68 mg (1.37-2.01 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 6.96 mm (6.96-6.96 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019]
seed_width (numerical): 3.57 mm (3.57-3.57 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019]
seed_shape (categorical): ovoid_flattened (1) [sources: ANBG_2019]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.44 mg/mm3 (0.44-0.44 mg/mm3) [sources: Falster_2005_2]
huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Falster_2005_2]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.93 m (0.4-1.5 m) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
eFLOWER_Dun_2022	22	24	L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Gallagher_2018	5	20	R. Gallagher, A. Phillips, B. Laugier-Kitchener, C. Laws, D. Lanceman, D. M. Londono, E. McFarlane, J. Foster, K. Marais, L. Pollitt, L. Kovac, M. Lambert, S. Amini, T. Boreham, T. Pyne, H. McPherson, M. Rossetto, M. van der Merwe, I. Wright, and and Matthew Alfonzetti. “Unpublished data: Trait campaign with the Royal Botanical Gardens, Macquarie University”. 2018.
RBGV_2023	11	13	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_2014	9	11	B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Falster_2005_2	7	10	D. S. Falster and M. Westoby. “Tradeoffs between height growth rate, stem persistence and maximum height among plant species in a post-fire succession”. Oikos 111 (2005), pp. 57-66. doi: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13383.x.
NHNSW_2024	7	10	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on December, 2023.. 2024. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Kubiak_2009	6	9	P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
NHNSW_2014_2	7	9	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ANBG_2019	5	6	Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Fonseca_2000	5	5	C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
RBGV_2022	4	4	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Hughes_1992	3	3	L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Wright_2000	3	3	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Sjostrom_2006	2	2	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_6	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Schmidt_1993	1	1	S. Schmidt. “Unpublished data: Compilation of mycorrhizal status data, University of Queensland”. 1993.
Stephens_2023	1	1	R. E. Stephens, R. V. Gallagher, L. Dun, W. Cornwell, and H. Sauquet. “Insect pollination for most of angiosperm evolutionary history”. New Phytologist 240.2 (2023), pp. 880-891. ISSN: 1469-8137. doi: 10.1111/nph.18993.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.