AusTraits

Afrohybanthus enneaspermus

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Family Violaceae

Taxonomy: Afrohybanthus enneaspermus (L.) Flicker

Synonyms: 16 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Calceolaria enneasperma (L.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hybanthus enncaspermus F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. f. enneaspermus (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. subsp. enneaspermus (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus f. angustifolius Domin (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hybanthus enneaspermus var. banksianus (Ging. ex DC.) Domin (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hybanthus suffruticosus (L.) Baill. ex Laness. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Ionidium banksianum (Ging. ex DC.) Steud. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Ionidium enneaspermum (L.) Vent. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Ionidium suffruticosum (L.) Schult. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Jonidium enneaspermum Schult. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Pigea banksiana Ging. ex DC. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Viola enneasperma L. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Viola suffruticosa L. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (14), ATRP_2020 (2), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (9), Crowley_2007 (1), Lord_1997 (3), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (11), NTH_2014 (16), RBGK_2014 (1), Rice_1991 (1), RussellSmith_2012 (8), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (6), WAH_2023_2 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (3). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 40 traits from 106 records in 23 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (3) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; RussellSmith_2012]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1); yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 6.5 mm (4-9 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_length (numerical): 36 mm (10-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2014]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 3.5 mm (0.5-7 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2014]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (2); linear (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2014]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2); toothed_crenate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1); revolute (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2014]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (9); shrub (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Cooper_2013; Lord_1997; NHNSW_2022; Rice_1991; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (5); woody (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): prostrate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1) [sources: Lord_1997]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnnny (1); yyyyyynnnnnn (1); yyyyyyyyyynn (1); yyyyyyyyyyyy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2014_2; NTH_2014; WAH_1998]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (2) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.35 mg (1.1-1.6 mg) [sources: Lord_1997; RBGK_2014]
  • seed_length (numerical): 2.2 mm (1.9-2.5 mm) [sources: NTH_2014]
  • seed_width (numerical): 1.23 mm (1.1-1.35 mm) [sources: NTH_2014]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: NTH_2014]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 0.51 m (0.15-0.6 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2014; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
NTH_20141116Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
ABRS_20231114Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_2023911N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Cooper_201389W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
RussellSmith_201248J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
WAH_2022_236Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2014_255Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2023_214Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Lord_199733J. Lord, J. Egan, T. Clifford, E. Jurado, M. Leishman, D. Williams, and M. Westoby. “Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode”. Journal of Biogeography 24 (1997), pp. 205-211. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00126.x.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wright_200033I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
ATRP_202022F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Crowley_200711G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
RBGK_201411Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID). 2014. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Rice_199111B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Growth form of Kakadu plant species, Macquarie University”. 1991.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.