AusTraits

Allocasuarina torulosa

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Casuarinaceae

Taxonomy: Allocasuarina torulosa (Aiton) L.A.S.Johnson

Synonyms: 5 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Casuarina ericoides L.Gentil (taxonomic synonym)
  • Casuarina lugubris K.D.Koenig & Sims (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Casuarina tenuissima Sieber ex Spreng. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Casuarina torulosa Aiton (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Casuarina torulosa Aiton f. torulosa (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (13), ANBG_2019 (6), Benwell_2024 (4), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2009 (3), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (14), Fonseca_2000 (9), Gross_2005 (4), Hughes_1992 (4), Ilic_2000 (3), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_6 (3), Kooyman_2011 (11), Kubiak_2009 (2), Laxton_2005 (2), Leishman_1993 (1), Leishman_1995 (5), Morgan_2005 (5), Morgan_2011_1 (5), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (7), NSWFRD_2014 (9), Ooi_2007 (101), Rosell_2014 (8), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Soliveres_2012 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2014 (63), Williams_2012 (3), Wright_2000 (9), Zieminska_2013 (30). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 98 traits from 355 records in 35 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (5) [sources: Benwell_2024; Clarke_2015; Kubiak_2009; NSWFRD_2014; Williams_2012]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (3) [sources: Benwell_2024; Clarke_2015; Williams_2012]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): dioecious (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2022; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 16.25 mm (7-33 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 18.5 mm (12-25 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
  • fruit_type (categorical): nut (1); samara (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (5) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (5) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): brown (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 75.36 mm2 (52.7-100 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Morgan_2005; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 3.85 mm (0.3-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 0.52 mm (0.3-0.8 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 10 mg (8-12 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 168.01 g/m2 (96.17-264.4 g/m2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Leishman_1995; Morgan_2005; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_type (categorical): scale (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): terete (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): whorled (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): cladode (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): tree (11) [sources: ABRS_2022; Clarke_2009; Cooper_2013; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; Kooyman_2011; Leishman_1995; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Soliveres_2012; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (1) [sources: Morgan_2011_1]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (5) [sources: Hughes_1992; Leishman_1995; Morgan_2011_1; NSWFRD_2014; Soliveres_2012]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (1); wind (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Leishman_1995; NSWFRD_2014; Soliveres_2012]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyy (1); yyyyynnnnnnn (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (2) [sources: Benwell_2024; NSWFRD_2014]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Ooi_2007]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2) [sources: Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); basal_stem_buds (1); epicormic_buds (5) [sources: Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014; Williams_2012]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 10.72 mg/g (10.69-10.75 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.31 mg/g (0.3-0.31 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -26.79 {delta}[ppth] (-28.9--24.67 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Westoby_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 3.46 mg (0.64-6.15 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1993; Leishman_1995; Ooi_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 6.1 mm (2-10 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 2.38 mm (1-3.27 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): fusiform (1); winged (1) [sources: ANBG_2019]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.72 mg/mm3 (0.59-0.83 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Morgan_2005; Rosell_2014; Westoby_2014; Zieminska_2013]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 365.74 {count}/mm2 (324.56-421.81 {count}/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2013]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 26.83 um (25.45-28.53 um) [sources: Zieminska_2013]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.21 mm2/mm2 (0.19-0.21 mm2/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2013]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 16.25 m (5-20 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Ooi_20072101M. K. J. Ooi, P. Myerscough, and T. Auld. “Unpublished data: Longterm seed mass field campaign, University of New South Wales”. 2007.
Westoby_20143263S. M. Gleason, D. W. Butler, K. Zieminska, P. Waryszak, and M. Westoby. “Stem xylem conductivity is key to plant water balance across Australian angiosperm species”. Functional Ecology 26 (2012), pp. 343-352. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01962.x.
Zieminska_20131030K. Ziemińska, D. W. Butler, S. M. Gleason, I. J. Wright, and M. Westoby. “Fibre wall and lumen fractions drive wood density variation across 24 Australian angiosperms”. AoB PLANTS 5 (2013), p. plt046. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plt046.
Cooper_20131114W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
ABRS_2023913Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Kooyman_2011811R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Fonseca_200059C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
NSWFRD_201489B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Wright_200099I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Rosell_201488J. A. Rosell, S. Gleason, R. Mendez-Alonzo, Y. Chang, and M. Westoby. “Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity”. New Phytologist 201.2 (2014), pp. 486-497. doi: 10.1111/nph.12541.
NHNSW_202357N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ANBG_201966Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Leishman_199555M. R. Leishman, M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. “Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras”. Journal of Ecology 83 (1995), pp. 517-529. doi: 10.2307/2261604.
Morgan_200555H. Morgan. “Root system architecture, water use and rainfall responses of perennial species”. PhD. Macquarie University, 2005.
Morgan_2011_155J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
NHNSW_2014_255Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Benwell_202444A. Benwell. “Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll-rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales”. Australian Journal of Botany 72.1 (2024). Ed. by D. Williams. ISSN: 1444-9862. doi: 10.1071/bt23049.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Gross_200544C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
Hughes_199244L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Clarke_200923P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Ilic_200013J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kew_2019_613Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Soliveres_201233S. Soliveres, D. J. Eldridge, F. Hemmings, and F. T. Maestre. “Nurse plant effects on plant species richness in drylands: The role of grazing, rainfall and species specificity”. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 14 (2012), pp. 402-410. doi: 10.1016/j.ppees.2012.09.003.
Williams_201233P. R. Williams, M. Parsons, R. Jensen, and C. Tran. “Mechanisms of rainforest persistence and recruitment in frequently burnt wet tropical eucalypt forests”. Austral Ecology 37.2 (2012), pp. 268-275. ISSN: 1442-9993. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02271.x.
Kubiak_200912P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Laxton_200522E. Laxton. “Relationship between leaf traits, insect communities and resource availability”. PhD. Macquarie University, 2005. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/483.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Leishman_199311M. Leishman. “Unpublished data: Seed mass data for Sydney species, Macquarie University”. 1990.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.