AusTraits

Alphitonia excelsa

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Rhamnaceae

Taxonomy: Alphitonia excelsa (A.Cunn. ex Fenzl) Benth.

Synonyms: 11 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Alphitonia excelsa (A.Cunn. ex Fenzl) Benth. var. excelsa (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Alphitonia excelsa var. acutifolia Braid (taxonomic synonym)
  • Alphitonia sp. (=RFK/25763) (taxonomic synonym)
  • Alphitonia sp. (Broad-leaved Form) (taxonomic synonym)
  • Alphitonia sp. (Forty Mile Scrub BH 25763RFK) (taxonomic synonym)
  • Alphitonia sp. (Forty Mile Scrub) (taxonomic synonym)
  • Alphitonia sp. (Little Crystal Creek A.R.Bean 5237) (taxonomic synonym)
  • Alphitonia sp. (Little Crystal Creek) (taxonomic synonym)
  • Alphitonia sp. (Selwyn Ranges L.P.Conroy 3) (taxonomic synonym)
  • Ceanothus excelsus (A.Cunn. ex Fenzl) Steud. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Colubrina excelsa A.Cunn. ex Fenzl (nomenclatural synonym)
Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Alphitonia philippinensis Braid (pro parte misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (25), ANBG_2019 (7), ATRP_2020 (1), Baker_2019 (2), Benwell_2024 (4), Brock_1993 (10), Butler_2004 (5), Choat_2006 (310), Choat_2012 (5), Clarke_2015 (9), Cooper_2013 (15), Crowley_2007 (2), Dong_2017 (22), Fonseca_2000 (9), Gardiner_2019 (40), Gosper_2004 (4), Gross_2005 (8), Hughes_1992 (5), Ilic_2000 (2), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kooyman_2011 (27), Lawes_2012 (3), Lawson_2015 (2), Lord_1997 (4), Moles_2011 (7), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (4), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (17), NSWFRD_2014 (8), Nano_2011 (2), RadfordSmith_2024 (36), Rice_1991 (1), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Sams_2017 (6), Schmidt_2003 (13), Sjostrom_2006 (8), Stewart_1995 (18), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2014 (43), White_2020 (19), Williams_2012 (3), Wright_2000 (10), Wright_2008 (31), Zieminska_2013 (30), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (36). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 151 traits from 828 records in 48 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2); partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (8) [sources: Baker_2019; Benwell_2024; Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012; White_2020; Williams_2012]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (4); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Benwell_2024; Clarke_2015; Williams_2012]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1); white_cream (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • flower_diameter (numerical): 0.67 cm (0.4-1 cm) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (4) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 8.43 mm (5-10.2 mm) [sources: Gosper_2004; ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 8.5 mm (5-11 mm) [sources: Gosper_2004; ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 8.25 mm (5-11 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (2); drupe (6); follicle (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (4); fleshy (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (5); indehiscent (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): black (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 3545.12 mm2 (1269.55-6764 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Gardiner_2019; Moles_2011; RadfordSmith_2024; Westoby_2014; Wright_2008]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 104.6 mm (30-200 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 33.63 mm (10-75 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 188.45 mg (57.45-556.92 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Gardiner_2019; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.02 cm (0.5-2.3 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 108.67 g/m2 (44.69-177.62 g/m2) [sources: Choat_2006; Dong_2017; Fonseca_2000; Gardiner_2019; Moles_2011; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Westoby_2014; Wright_2008]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.35 g/g (0.24-0.45 g/g) [sources: Gardiner_2019; Moles_2011; RadfordSmith_2024; Schmidt_2003]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Stewart_1995]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); lanceolate (1); narrowly_elliptical (1); narrowly_ovate (1); oblong (1); ovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); obtuse (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (1); simple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): hairy (1) [sources: Moles_2011]
  • leaf_hairs_immature_leaves (categorical): hairy (1) [sources: Moles_2011]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (4) [sources: Munroe_2019; Schmidt_2003; Stewart_1995; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (2); tree (17) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Brock_1993; Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; Kooyman_2011; Lord_1997; Moles_2011; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Rice_1991; Schmidt_2003; Stewart_1995; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; NHNSW_2022; Schmidt_2003; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): deciduous (1); evergreen (5) [sources: Choat_2006; Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024; Schmidt_2003; Stewart_1995]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (5) [sources: Dong_2017; Schmidt_2003; Stewart_1995; White_2020; Wright_2008]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (4); zoochory (1) [sources: Butler_2004; Hughes_1992; Lord_1997; RadfordSmith_2024; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (2); flying_vertebrates (1); vertebrates (2) [sources: Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Lord_1997; Sams_2017; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnyyynnnnn (1); nnyyyynnnnnn (1); nyyyynnnnnnn (1); yyynnnnnnnny (1); yyyynnnnnnnn (1) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; Hughes_1992; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (2) [sources: Benwell_2024; NSWFRD_2014]
  • serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (3) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; RussellSmith_2012; White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; White_2020]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (2); basal_stem_buds (4); epicormic_buds (1); none (1) [sources: Baker_2019; Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Nano_2011; Williams_2012]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 13.3 mg/g (8-20.22 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017; Schmidt_2003; Westoby_2014; Wright_2008]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.57 mg/g (0.44-0.86 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014; Wright_2008]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -28.48 {delta}[ppth] (-30.27--24.96 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017; Schmidt_2003; Stewart_1995; Westoby_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 20.13 mg (18.2-22.06 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Lord_1997]
  • seed_length (numerical): 4.76 mm (2-7 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 3.66 mm (2-8 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Butler_2004; RadfordSmith_2024; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: ANBG_2019]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.57 mg/mm3 (0.34-0.8 mg/mm3) [sources: Choat_2006; Gardiner_2019; Ilic_2000; Kooyman_2011; Lawson_2015; RadfordSmith_2024; Westoby_2014; Wright_2008; Zieminska_2013]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Choat_2006; Westoby_2014]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 75.41 {count}/mm2 (52.02-93 {count}/mm2) [sources: Choat_2006; Zieminska_2013]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 50.99 um (45.95-65.58 um) [sources: Choat_2006; Zieminska_2013]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.15 mm2/mm2 (0.14-0.18 mm2/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2013]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Choat_200616310B. Choat, M. C. Ball, J. G. Luly, C. F. Donnelly, and J. A. M. Holtum. “Seasonal patterns of leaf gas exchange and water relations in dry rain forest trees of contrasting leaf phenology”. Tree Physiology 26.5 (2006), pp. 657-664. doi: 10.1093/treephys/26.5.657.
Westoby_20143043S. M. Gleason, D. W. Butler, K. Zieminska, P. Waryszak, and M. Westoby. “Stem xylem conductivity is key to plant water balance across Australian angiosperm species”. Functional Ecology 26 (2012), pp. 343-352. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01962.x.
Gardiner_2019840R. Gardiner, L. P. Shoo, and J. M. Dwyer. “Look to seedling heights, rather than functional traits, to explain survival during extreme heat stress in the early stages of subtropical rainforest restoration”. Journal of Applied Ecology 56.12 (2019), pp. 2687-2697. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13505.
RadfordSmith_20241536J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
eFLOWER_Dun_20222636L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Wright_2008931I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Trait data for Northern Territory savanna species, Macquarie University”. 2008.
Zieminska_20131030K. Ziemińska, D. W. Butler, S. M. Gleason, I. J. Wright, and M. Westoby. “Fibre wall and lumen fractions drive wood density variation across 24 Australian angiosperms”. AoB PLANTS 5 (2013), p. plt046. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plt046.
Kooyman_20111027R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
ABRS_20231725Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Dong_2017822N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
White_20201919M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Stewart_1995618G. Stewart, M. Turnbull, S. Schmidt, and P. Erskine. “13C natural abundance in plant communities along a rainfall gradient: a biological integrator of water availability”. Functional Plant Biology 22.1 (1995), pp. 51-55. doi: 10.1071/pp9950051.
NHNSW_20231217N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Cooper_20131215W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Schmidt_20031013S. Schmidt and G. R. Stewart. “d15N values of tropical savanna and monsoon forest species reflect root specialisations and soil nitrogen status”. Oecologia 134 (2003), pp. 569-577. doi: 10.1007/s00442-002-1150-y.
Brock_1993810J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
Wright_20001010I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Clarke_201539P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Fonseca_200059C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Gross_200548C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
NSWFRD_201488B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Sjostrom_200648A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ANBG_201957Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Moles_201177A. T. Moles, I. R. Wallis, W. J. Foley, D. I. Warton, J. C. Stegen, A. J. Bisigato, L. Cella-Pizarro, C. J. Clark, P. S. Cohen, W. K. Cornwell, W. Edwards, R. Ejrnaes, T. Gonzales-Ojeda, B. J. Graae, G. Hay, F. C. Lumbwe, B. Magana-Rodriguez, B. D. Moore, P. L. Peri, J. R. Poulsen, R. Veldtman, H. von Zeipel, N. R. Andrew, S. L. Boulter, E. T. Borer, F. F. Campon, M. Coll, A. G. Farji-Brener, J. D. Gabriel, E. Jurado, L. A. Kyhn, B. Low, C. P. H. Mulder, K. Reardon-Smith, J. Rodriguez-Velazquez, E. W. Seabloom, P. A. Vesk, A. van Cauter, M. S. Waldram, Z. Zheng, P. G. Blendinger, B. J. Enquist, J. M. Facelli, T. Knight, J. D. Majer, M. Martinez-Ramos, P. McQuillan, and L. D. Prior. “Putting plant resistance traits on the map: A test of the idea that plants are better defended at lower latitudes”. New Phytologist 191.3 (2011), pp. 777-788. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03732.x.
Sams_201766M. A. Sams, H. R. Lai, S. P. Bonser, P. A. Vesk, R. M. Kooyman, D. J. Metcalfe, J. W. Morgan, and M. M. Mayfield. “Landscape context explains changes in the functional diversity of regenerating forests better than climate or species richness”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26.10 (2017), pp. 1165-1176. doi: 10.1111/geb.12627.
Butler_200455D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Choat_201255B. Choat, S. Jansen, T. J. Brodribb, H. Cochard, S. Delzon, R. Bhaskar, S. J. Bucci, T. S. Feild, S. M. Gleason, U. G. Hacke, A. L. Jacobsen, F. Lens, H. Maherali, J. Martinez-Vilalta, S. Mayr, M. Mencuccini, P. J. Mitchell, A. Nardini, J. Pittermann, R. B. Pratt, J. S. Sperry, M. Westoby, I. J. Wright, and A. E. Zanne. “Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought”. Nature 491.7426 (2012), pp. 752-755. doi: 10.1038/nature11688.
Hughes_199255L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Benwell_202444A. Benwell. “Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll-rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales”. Australian Journal of Botany 72.1 (2024). Ed. by D. Williams. ISSN: 1444-9862. doi: 10.1071/bt23049.
Gosper_200434C. R. Gosper. “Fruit characteristics of invasive bitou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Asteraceae), and a comparison with co-occurring native plant species”. Australian Journal of Botany 52.2 (2004), pp. 223-230. doi: 10.1071/bt03046.
Lord_199744J. Lord, J. Egan, T. Clifford, E. Jurado, M. Leishman, D. Williams, and M. Westoby. “Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode”. Journal of Biogeography 24 (1997), pp. 205-211. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00126.x.
NHNSW_2014_244Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Lawes_201213M. J. Lawes, J. J. Midgley, and P. J. Clarke. “Costs and benefits of relative bark thickness in relation to fire damage: A savanna/forest contrast”. Journal of Ecology 101 (2012), pp. 517-524. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12035.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Williams_201233P. R. Williams, M. Parsons, R. Jensen, and C. Tran. “Mechanisms of rainforest persistence and recruitment in frequently burnt wet tropical eucalypt forests”. Austral Ecology 37.2 (2012), pp. 268-275. ISSN: 1442-9993. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02271.x.
Baker_201922A. Baker. “Unpublished data: Post-fire fire-response surveys on the NSW north coast, Southern Cross University”. 2019.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Ilic_200012J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Lawson_201512J. R. Lawson, K. A. Fryirs, and M. R. Leishman. “Data from: Hydrological conditions explain wood density in riparian plants of south-eastern Australia”. Dryad Digital Repository (2015). doi: 10.5061/dryad.72h45.
Nano_201122C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Rice_199111B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Growth form of Kakadu plant species, Macquarie University”. 1991.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.