Aphananthe philippinensis

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Family Cannabaceae

Taxonomy: Aphananthe philippinensis Planch.

Synonyms: 3 (APC 2026-07-30)

Aphananthe rectinervis (F.Muell.) Planch. (taxonomic synonym)
Sponia ilicifolia Kurz (taxonomic synonym)
Taxotrophis rectinervis F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (19), ATRP_2020 (1), Butler_2004 (5), Chen_2017 (5), Cooper_2013 (15), Gross_2005 (4), Ilic_2000 (2), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kooyman_2011 (14), McCarthy_2017 (8), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (15), RadfordSmith_2024 (41), Sams_2017 (5), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wills_2018 (60), Wright_2000 (5), Zanne_2009 (1), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (18). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 72 traits from 235 records in 24 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

flower morphology

flower_diameter (numerical): 0.15 cm (0.15-0.15 cm) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
sex_type (categorical): monoecious (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 8.5 mm (6-12 mm) [sources: Chen_2017; ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 8 mm (6-12 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013]
fruit_height (numerical): 9 mm (6-12 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): drupe (9) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (6) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (6) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
fruit_colour (categorical): green (1); yellow (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 772.55 mm2 (576.83-1014.41 mm2) [sources: McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024]
leaf_length (numerical): 50.83 mm (25-100 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 23.33 mm (10-35 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 99.62 mg (82.88-127.5 mg) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
petiole_length (numerical): 0.4 cm (0.3-0.5 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 92.38 g/m2 (55.81-129.37 g/m2) [sources: McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Wills_2018]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.51 g/g (0.48-0.54 g/g) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); obovate (1); ovate (1); widely_ovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (1); toothed_serrate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]

life history

plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (3); tree (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (2) [sources: Butler_2004; RadfordSmith_2024]
dispersers (categorical): birds (1); flying_vertebrates (1); vertebrates (1) [sources: Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Sams_2017]
flowering_time (categorical): ynnnnnnnnyyy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 21.62 mg/g (17.66-25.75 mg/g) [sources: Wills_2018]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 2.12 mg/g (1.89-2.25 mg/g) [sources: Wills_2018]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 44.11 mg (44.11-44.11 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 6 mm (5-7 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
seed_width (numerical): 3.25 mm (3-3.5 mm) [sources: Butler_2004; Kooyman_2011]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.59 mg/mm3 (0.5-0.73 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024; Zanne_2009]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 31.25 m (20-35 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Wills_2018	15	60	J. Wills, J. Herbohn, J. Hu, S. Sohel, J. Baynes, and J. Firn. “Tree leaf trade-offs are stronger for sub-canopy trees: leaf traits reveal little about growth rates in canopy trees”. Ecological Applications 28.4 (2018), pp. 1116-1125. doi: 10.1002/eap.1715.
RadfordSmith_2024	15	41	J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
ABRS_2023	13	19	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
eFLOWER_Dun_2022	14	18	L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Cooper_2013	12	15	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
NHNSW_2023	11	15	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Kooyman_2011	10	14	R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
McCarthy_2017	2	8	J. K. McCarthy, J. M. Dwyer, and K. Mokany. “A regional-scale assessment of using metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286.1915 (2019), p. 20192221. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2221.
Butler_2004	5	5	D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Sams_2017	5	5	M. A. Sams, H. R. Lai, S. P. Bonser, P. A. Vesk, R. M. Kooyman, D. J. Metcalfe, J. W. Morgan, and M. M. Mayfield. “Landscape context explains changes in the functional diversity of regenerating forests better than climate or species richness”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26.10 (2017), pp. 1165-1176. doi: 10.1111/geb.12627.
Wright_2000	5	5	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
ABRS_2022	4	4	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Gross_2005	4	4	C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
NHNSW_2022	3	3	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Ilic_2000	1	2	J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_1981	1	1	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ATRP_2020	1	1	F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014_2	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Zanne_2009	1	1	A. E. Zanne, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, D. A. Coomes, J. Ilic, S. Jansen, S. L. Lewis, R. B. Miller, N. G. Swenson, M. C. Wiemann, and J. Chave. “Data from: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum”. Dryad Digital Repository (2009). doi: 10.5061/dryad.234.