AusTraits

Arctotheca calendula

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Asteraceae

Taxonomy: Arctotheca calendula (L.) K.Lewin

Synonyms: 11 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Arctotheca calendulacea K.Lewin (orthographic variant)
  • Arctotheca calendulaceum Levyns (orthographic variant)
  • Arctotis calendula L. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Arctotis calendulacea L. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Arctotis calendulaceum Levyns (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Arctotis tristis L. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Cryptostemma calendula (L.) Druce (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Cryptostemma calendula (L.) R.Br. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Cryptostemma calendulacea Rodway (taxonomic synonym)
  • Cryptostemma calendulaceum R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Cryptostemma triste (L.) Domin (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (17), Burrows_2008_2 (5), Burrows_2020 (5), Cheal_2017 (5), Doherty_2021 (3), Dwyer_2017 (17), Firn_2019 (5), Funk_2016 (56), Kubiak_2009 (1), Mesaglio_2022 (3), Mokany_2008 (43), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (14), NSWFRD_2014 (2), NTH_2022 (4), NTH_2023 (12), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (14), SAH_2014 (4), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (9), Schmidt_1993 (1), Standish_2019 (6), Tsakalos_2020 (17), WAH_2022_1 (3), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_1 (1), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), vanderMoezel_1987 (4). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 68 traits from 276 records in 33 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1); green (1); yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 2.05 mm (1.5-2.5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 0.95 mm (0.7-1.2 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): achene (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): brown (2); pink (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 644.07 mm2 (391.53-858.33 mm2) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 136.69 mm (50-250 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 37 mm (18-60 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 28.97 mg (22.9-33 mg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 10 cm (10-10 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 34.82 g/m2 (27.04-58.49 g/m2) [sources: Dwyer_2017; Funk_2016; Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.51 g/g (0.49-0.52 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.11 g/g (0.08-0.15 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (1); narrowly_oblong (1); narrowly_obovate (1); oblanceolate (5); ovate (1); widely_ovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2); toothed (3); toothed_dentate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (5); lobed_deep (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (1); simple (3) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1); not_glaucous (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): hairy (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 31.67 deg (9-50 deg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Mokany_2008; Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (12) [sources: ABRS_2022; Firn_2019; Funk_2016; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (1); therophyte (1) [sources: Funk_2016; Mokany_2008]
  • life_history (categorical): annual (13) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Cheal_2017; Funk_2016; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): decumbent (2); erect (1); prostrate (2); rosette (2); spreading (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (3) [sources: Funk_2016; Mokany_2008; Standish_2019]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (4) [sources: Funk_2016; Schmidt_1993; Standish_2019; Tsakalos_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • reproductive_maturity (numerical): 1 a (1-1 a) [sources: Burrows_2020; vanderMoezel_1987]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnynnn (2); nnnnnnnnyyyn (1); nnnnnnnyyyyy (1); ynnnyyyyyyyy (1) [sources: Mesaglio_2022; NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (4) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Doherty_2021; Standish_2019]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): widely_dispersed (1) [sources: Cheal_2017]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): none (2) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Doherty_2021]
nutrient and stable isotope
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.12 mg (1.12-1.12 mg) [sources: Dwyer_2017]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Funk_20161656J. L. Funk, R. J. Standish, W. D. Stock, and F. Valladares. “Plant functional traits of dominant native and invasive species in mediterranean-climate ecosystems”. Ecology 97.1 (2016), pp. 75-83. doi: 10.1890/15-0974.1.
Mokany_20081943K. Mokany and J. Ash. “Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?”. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (2008), pp. 119-126. doi: 10.3170/2007-8-18340.
ABRS_20231417Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Dwyer_2017317J. M. Dwyer and D. C. Laughlin. “Constraints on trait combinations explain climatic drivers of biodiversity: The importance of trait covariance in community assembly”. Ecology Letters 20.7 (2017), pp. 872-882. doi: 10.1111/ele.12781.
Tsakalos_20201617J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
NHNSW_20231214N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_20231214VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
NTH_2023812D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
SAH_202399S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Standish_201966R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Burrows_2008_255N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_202055N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Cheal_201755D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Firn_201955J. Firn, J. M. McGree, E. Harvey, H. Flores-Moreno, M. Schuetz, Y. M. Buckley, E. T. Borer, E. W. Seabloom, K. J. L. Pierre, A. M. MacDougall, S. M. Prober, C. J. Stevens, L. L. Sullivan, E. Porter, E. Ladouceur, C. Allen, K. H. Moromizato, J. W. Morgan, W. S. Harpole, Y. Hautier, N. Eisenhauer, J. P. Wright, P. B. Adler, C. A. Arnillas, J. D. Bakker, L. Biederman, A. A. D. Broadbent, C. S. Brown, M. N. Bugalho, M. C. Caldeira, E. E. Cleland, A. Ebeling, P. A. Fay, N. Hagenah, A. R. Kleinhesselink, R. Mitchell, J. L. Moore, C. Nogueira, P. L. Peri, C. Roscher, M. D. Smith, P. D. Wragg, and A. C. Risch. “Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs”. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3.3 (2019), pp. 400-406. doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0790-1.
NTH_202244D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_201424J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
vanderMoezel_198744P. G. van der Moezel, W. A. Loneragan, and D. T. Bell. “Northern Sandplain Kwongan - regeneration following fire, juvenile period and flowering phenology”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 69.4 (1987), pp. 123-132.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Doherty_202133M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Mesaglio_202213T. Mesaglio. “Unpublished data: Comprehensive biodiversity survey of Wategora Reserve and Everley Park along Duck River, western Sydney”. 2022. doi: 10.32942/X29886.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_202233S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_133Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_201422B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kubiak_200911P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Schmidt_199311S. Schmidt. “Unpublished data: Compilation of mycorrhizal status data, University of Queensland”. 1993.
WAH_2023_111Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.