Banksia audax

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Banksia audax C.A.Gardner

Synonyms: none listed in the APC 2026-07-30

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (5), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (22), Burrows_2008_2 (4), Burrows_2020 (4), Chen_2017 (5), He_2011 (4), Jordan_2020 (5), Kew_2019_1 (1), Shedley_2007 (16), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (3), Yang_2023 (6). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 44 traits from 96 records in 19 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (2); resprouts (5) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; He_2011; Shedley_2007; Yang_2023]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (3) [sources: Shedley_2007; Yang_2023]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 36 mo (36-36 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 10.5 mm (8-13 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 5 mm (4-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 4.5 mm (4-5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 45 mm (20-70 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 14 mm (8-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
petiole_length (numerical): 1 cm (1-1 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): obtriangular (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): toothed_serrate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): concave (1); flat (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

life history

plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Shedley_2007; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Jordan_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
flowering_time (categorical): ynnnnnnnnnyy (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (3) [sources: Shedley_2007; Yang_2023]
serotiny (categorical): serotinous (2) [sources: He_2011; Yang_2023]
storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; He_2011; WAH_2023_2; Yang_2023]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (6); basal_stem_buds (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; He_2011; Shedley_2007; Yang_2023]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 25.74 mg (25.74-25.74 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 20 mm (18-22 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 7 mm (6-8 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981]
seed_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); ovoid (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.84 m (0.35-1 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
ABRS_2023	16	22	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Shedley_2007	6	16	E. F. Shedley. Fire and Biodiversity Guidelines for the Avon Basin: Consultant Report to the Avon Catchment Council and the Department of Environment and Conservation, August 2007. Tech. rep. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, 2007.
Yang_2023	6	6	S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
ABRS_1981	4	5	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Jordan_2020	5	5	G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Burrows_2008_2	4	4	N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_2020	4	4	N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
He_2011	4	4	T. He, B. B. Lamont, and K. S. Downes. “Banksia born to burn”. New Phytologist 191.1 (2011), pp. 184-196. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_2006	2	4	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_2	2	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wright_2000	3	3	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.