Banksia incana

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Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Banksia incana A.S.George

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Banksia sphaerocarpa var. glabrescens Meisn. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (4), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (24), Burrows_2008_2 (4), Burrows_2020 (4), Chen_2017 (5), Collette_2021 (1), He_2011 (3), Jordan_2020 (5), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), Tsakalos_2020 (18), Tsakalos_2022 (2), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (3), Yang_2023 (6). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 51 traits from 100 records in 20 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (5) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; He_2011; Tsakalos_2020; Yang_2023]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Yang_2023]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 36 mo (36-36 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 25.5 mm (18-33 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 20 mm (10-30 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 10 mm (4-16 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Tsakalos_2020]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): grey (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 35 mm (10-60 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 1.75 mm (1.5-2 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
petiole_length (numerical): 0.15 cm (0.1-0.2 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): strap-shaped (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): conduplicate (1); flat (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1); not_glaucous (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): hairy (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): yyynnnnnnnyy (2); yyyynnnnnnyy (1); yyyynnnyyyyy (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (1) [sources: Yang_2023]
serotiny (categorical): serotinous (2) [sources: He_2011; Yang_2023]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; WAH_2023_2; Yang_2023]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (2); basal_stem_buds (2); rhizome (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; He_2011; Tsakalos_2022; Yang_2023]

seed morphology

seed_length (numerical): 27.5 mm (25-30 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 5 mm (4-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981]
seed_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); ovoid (1); ovoid_elongated (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.57 m (0.2-0.7 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
ABRS_2023	17	24	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Tsakalos_2020	17	18	J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
Yang_2023	6	6	S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Jordan_2020	5	5	G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
ABRS_1981	3	4	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Burrows_2008_2	4	4	N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_2020	4	4	N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_2006	2	4	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
He_2011	3	3	T. He, B. B. Lamont, and K. S. Downes. “Banksia born to burn”. New Phytologist 191.1 (2011), pp. 184-196. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_2	2	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wright_2000	3	3	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Tsakalos_2022	2	2	J. L. Tsakalos, G. Ottaviani, S. Chelli, A. Rea, S. Elder, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands”. Annals of Botany 130.7 (2022), pp. 981-990. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac131.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.