AusTraits

Banksia integrifolia

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Banksia integrifolia L.f.

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Isostylis integrifolia (L.f.) Britten (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Sirmuellera integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), Qld, NSW, NI (naturalised), Vic, Tas (presumed extinct)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (2), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (24), Cheal_2017 (8), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Hughes_1992 (5), Ilic_2000 (1), Jordan_2020 (9), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kooyman_2011 (11), Kubiak_2009 (1), MacinnisNg_2004 (42), McGlone_2015 (6), NHNSW_2014_2 (2), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (19), NSWFRD_2014 (6), Niinemets_2009 (50), Ooi_2007 (96), Richards_2008 (67), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (9), Wright_2009 (26). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 118 traits from 411 records in 28 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (4) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Kubiak_2009; NSWFRD_2014]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (3) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1); yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 11.25 mm (7-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 4.5 mm (3-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 6.5 mm (3-10 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 830 mm2 (777-883 mm2) [sources: Niinemets_2009]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 110 mm (40-200 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 25.25 mm (10-36 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.7 cm (0.4-1 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 228.74 g/m2 (218.82-238.66 g/m2) [sources: Niinemets_2009]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Richards_2008]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): narrowly_elliptical (2); narrowly_obovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): attenuate (1); cuneate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2); toothed (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (5) [sources: ABRS_1981; Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; Richards_2008]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Jordan_2020]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): whorled (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Richards_2008]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): tree (8) [sources: ABRS_2022; Hughes_1992; Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Richards_2008; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; Jordan_2020; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Kooyman_2011; Richards_2008]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Richards_2008]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yyyyyynnnnnn (3) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: Cheal_2017]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (2) [sources: Collette_2021; Ooi_2007]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); basal_stem_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 9.93 mg/g (5.86-12 mg/g) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Richards_2008]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.39 mg/g (0.3-0.43 mg/g) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Richards_2008]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.92 {delta}[ppth] (-28.57--27.28 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Niinemets_2009]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 11.46 mg (4.87-14.04 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Ooi_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 15 mm (10-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 3.5 mm (3-4 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); ovoid (1); winged (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.48 mg/mm3 (0.48-0.48 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: MacinnisNg_2004]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 22 m (5-30 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Hughes_1992; Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Ooi_2007296M. K. J. Ooi, P. Myerscough, and T. Auld. “Unpublished data: Longterm seed mass field campaign, University of New South Wales”. 2007.
Richards_20081767A. Richards and I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Transcription of Australian plant functional trait data from Ian Wright's collection of papers, Macquarie University”. 2009.
Niinemets_20092650Ü. Niinemets, I. J. Wright, and J. R. Evans. “Leaf mesophyll diffusion conductance in 35 Australian sclerophylls covering a broad range of foliage structural and physiological variation”. Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (2009), pp. 2433-2449. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp045.
MacinnisNg_2004742C. Macinnis-Ng, K. McClenahan, and D. Eamus. “Convergence in hydraulic architecture, water relations and primary productivity amongst habitats and across seasons in Sydney”. Functional Plant Biology 31.5 (2004), pp. 429-439. doi: 10.1071/fp03194.
Wright_20091326I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Leaf pigment and reflectance data for sclerophylls, Macquarie University”. 2009.
ABRS_20231724Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_20231419N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Kooyman_2011911R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Jordan_202099G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Wright_200099I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Cheal_201788D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
NSWFRD_201466B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Hughes_199255L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_198122B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014_222Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Ilic_200011J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kubiak_200911P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.