AusTraits

Banksia menziesii

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Banksia menziesii R.Br.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Sirmuellera menziesii (R.Br.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (5), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (23), ANBG_2019 (2), Burrows_2008_2 (4), Burrows_2020 (4), Canham_2009 (78), Chen_2017 (5), Choat_2012 (5), Clarke_2015 (2), Collette_2021 (1), Cowling_1987 (19), Denton_2007 (70), Detombeur_2021 (27), Enright_2014 (17), Funk_2016 (107), Goble_1981 (6), Groom_2010 (2), Hayes_2014 (214), Hayes_2018 (59), He_2011 (4), Jordan_2020 (7), Kew_2019_1 (2), Laliberte_2012 (23), Milberg_1998 (4), Munroe_2019 (1), Pate_1990 (4), Shedley_2007 (8), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Staples_2019 (5), Sweedman_2006 (8), Tsakalos_2020 (18), Tsakalos_2022 (2), Veneklaas_2003 (20), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wilson_2004 (3), Wright_2000 (5), Yang_2023 (3), deCampos_2013 (3), vanderMoezel_1987 (3). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 140 traits from 790 records in 44 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); resprouts (21) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Clarke_2015; Cowling_1987; Denton_2007; Enright_2014; Groom_2010; He_2011; Pate_1990; Shedley_2007; Tsakalos_2020; Wilson_2004; Yang_2023; vanderMoezel_1987]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (11) [sources: Clarke_2015; Cowling_1987; Enright_2014; Pate_1990]
  • fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 24 mo (24-24 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 30 mm (25-35 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 12.5 mm (10-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 12.5 mm (10-15 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Tsakalos_2020]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 10246.59 mm2 (1953-14941.49 mm2) [sources: Goble_1981; Laliberte_2012]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 138.75 mm (80-250 mm) [sources: Goble_1981; ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 24.72 mm (10-40 mm) [sources: Goble_1981; ABRS_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.25 cm (0.8-1.7 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 325.89 g/m2 (218.37-579.05 g/m2) [sources: Denton_2007; Funk_2016; Goble_1981; Laliberte_2012; Veneklaas_2003]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.54 g/g (0.5-0.61 g/g) [sources: Denton_2007; Laliberte_2012; Veneklaas_2003]
  • leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.48 g/g (0.48-0.48 g/g) [sources: Veneklaas_2003]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Veneklaas_2003]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): oblanceolate (1); oblong (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Goble_1981]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (2); toothed_dentate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): conduplicate (1); flat (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): not_glaucous (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): hairy (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3) [sources: Munroe_2019; Tsakalos_2020; Veneklaas_2003]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (5); tree (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Funk_2016; Laliberte_2012; Shedley_2007; Veneklaas_2003; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (2) [sources: Funk_2016]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Funk_2016; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Veneklaas_2003]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Funk_2016; Hayes_2014; Veneklaas_2003]
  • root_structure (categorical): proteoid_root (4) [sources: Funk_2016; Hayes_2014; Laliberte_2012]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnyyyyyynnn (1); nnyyyyyyynnn (1); nyyyyyyynnnn (2); nyyyyyyyyynn (1); yyyyyyyyyyyy (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Cowling_1987; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_1998; vanderMoezel_1987]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (2); soil_seedbank_absent (1) [sources: Cowling_1987; Enright_2014]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (1); serotiny_low (3) [sources: Cowling_1987; Denton_2007; Groom_2010; He_2011]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (2) [sources: Collette_2021; Cowling_1987]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
  • storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Denton_2007; He_2011; WAH_2023_2; Yang_2023]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); basal_stem_buds (2); epicormic_buds (6); stem_buds (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Cowling_1987; He_2011; Shedley_2007; Tsakalos_2022; Yang_2023]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 7.37 mg/g (3.44-12.9 mg/g) [sources: Funk_2016; Hayes_2014; Laliberte_2012; Veneklaas_2003]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.3 mg/g (0.16-1.37 mg/g) [sources: Denton_2007; Detombeur_2021; Funk_2016; Hayes_2014; Hayes_2018; deCampos_2013]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -26.72 {delta}[ppth] (-27.07--26.24 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Laliberte_2012]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 77.13 mg (56.73-90.5 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Cowling_1987; Denton_2007; Kew_2019_1; Milberg_1998]
  • seed_length (numerical): 26.5 mm (23-30 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 12.5 mm (11-14 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.67 mg/mm3 (0.63-0.71 mg/mm3) [sources: Staples_2019]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Canham_2009]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Hayes_201426214P. Hayes, B. L. Turner, H. Lambers, and E. Laliberte. “Foliar nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiency in plants of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies along a 2-million-year dune chronosequence”. Journal of Ecology 102.2 (2013), pp. 396-410. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12196.
Funk_201616107J. L. Funk, R. J. Standish, W. D. Stock, and F. Valladares. “Plant functional traits of dominant native and invasive species in mediterranean-climate ecosystems”. Ecology 97.1 (2016), pp. 75-83. doi: 10.1890/15-0974.1.
Canham_2009478C. A. Canham, R. H. Froend, and W. D. Stock. “Water stress vulnerability of four Banksia species in contrasting ecohydrological habitats on the Gnangara Mound, Western Australia”. Plant, Cell and Environment 32.1 (2009), pp. 64-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01904.x.
Denton_20072170M. D. Denton, E. J. Veneklaas, F. M. Freimoser, and H. Lambers. “Banksia species (Proteaceae) from severely phosphorus-impoverished soils exhibit extreme efficiency in the use and re-mobilization of phosphorus”. Plant, Cell and Environment 30 (2007), pp. 1557-1565. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01733.x.
Hayes_20182159P. E. Hayes, P. L. Clode, R. S. Oliveira, and H. Lambers. “Proteaceae from phosphorus-impoverished habitats preferentially allocate phosphorus to photosynthetic cells: An adaptation improving phosphorus-use efficiency”. Plant, Cell and Environment 41.3 (2018), pp. 605-619. doi: 10.1111/pce.13124.
Detombeur_2021927F. de Tombeur, E. Laliberte, H. Lambers, M. Faucon, G. Zemunik, B. L. Turner, J. Cornelis, and G. Mahy. “A shift from phenol to silica-based leaf defenses during long-term soil and ecosystem development”. Ecology Letters 24.5 (2021), pp. 984-995. doi: 10.1111/ele.13713.
ABRS_20231623Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Laliberte_2012923E. Laliberte, B. L. Turner, T. Costes, S. J. Pearse, K. Wyrwoll, G. Zemunik, and H. Lambers. “Experimental assessment of nutrient limitation along a 2-million-year dune chronosequence in the south-western Australia biodiversity hotspot”. Journal of Ecology 100 (2012), pp. 631-642. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01962.x.
Veneklaas_20031820E. J. Veneklaas and P. Poot. “Seasonal patterns in water use and leaf turnover of different plant functional types in a species-rich woodland, south-western Australia”. Plant and Soil 257.2 (2003), pp. 295-304. doi: 10.1023/a:1027383920150.
Cowling_19871319R. M. Cowling, B. B. Lamont, and S. M. Pierce. “Seed bank dynamics of four co-occurring Banksia species”. The Journal of Ecology 75.2 (1987), pp. 289-302. doi: 10.2307/2260419.
Tsakalos_20201718J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
Enright_2014317N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, B. B. Lamont, B. P. Miller, and V. C. Westcott. “Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits”. Journal of Ecology 102 (2014), pp. 1572-1581. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12306.
Shedley_200748E. F. Shedley. Fire and Biodiversity Guidelines for the Avon Basin: Consultant Report to the Avon Catchment Council and the Department of Environment and Conservation, August 2007. Tech. rep. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, 2007.
Sweedman_200628L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
Jordan_202077G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Goble_198166E. Goble-Garratt, D. Bell, and W. Loneragan. “Floristic and leaf structure patterns along a shallow elevational gradient”. Australian Journal of Botany 29 (1981), pp. 329-347. doi: 10.1071/bt9810329.
ABRS_198145B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Choat_201255B. Choat, S. Jansen, T. J. Brodribb, H. Cochard, S. Delzon, R. Bhaskar, S. J. Bucci, T. S. Feild, S. M. Gleason, U. G. Hacke, A. L. Jacobsen, F. Lens, H. Maherali, J. Martinez-Vilalta, S. Mayr, M. Mencuccini, P. J. Mitchell, A. Nardini, J. Pittermann, R. B. Pratt, J. S. Sperry, M. Westoby, I. J. Wright, and A. E. Zanne. “Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought”. Nature 491.7426 (2012), pp. 752-755. doi: 10.1038/nature11688.
Staples_201915T. Staples, J. M. Dwyer, J. R. England, and M. M. Mayfield. “Productivity does not correlate with species and functional diversity in Australian reforestation plantings across a wide climate gradient”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 28.10 (2019), pp. 1417-1429. doi: 10.1111/geb.12962.
Wright_200055I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Burrows_2008_244N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_202044N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
He_201144T. He, B. B. Lamont, and K. S. Downes. “Banksia born to burn”. New Phytologist 191.1 (2011), pp. 184-196. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x.
Milberg_199844P. Milberg, M. A. Perez-Fernandez, and B. B. Lamont. “Seedling growth response to added nutrients depends on seed size in three woody genera”. Journal of Ecology 86.4 (1998), pp. 624-632. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00283.x.
Pate_199044J. S. Pate, R. H. Froend, B. J. Bowen, A. Hansen, and J. Kuo. “Seedling growth and storage characteristics of seeder and resprouter species of Mediterranean-type ecosystems of SW Australia”. Annals of Botany 65.6 (1990), pp. 585-601. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087976.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_223Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wilson_200423B. A. Wilson, J. Kuehs, L. E. Valentine, T. Sonneman, and K. M. Wolfe. “Guidelines for ecological burning regimes in Mediterranean ecosystems: a case study in Banksia woodlands in Western Australia”. Pacific Conservation Biology 20.1 (2014), p. 57. doi: 10.1071/pc140057.
Yang_202333S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
deCampos_201333M. C. R. de Campos, S. J. Pearse, R. S. Oliveira, and H. Lambers. “Downregulation of net phosphorus-uptake capacity is inversely related to leaf phosphorus-resorption proficiency in four species from a phosphorus-impoverished environment”. Annals of Botany 111.3 (2013), pp. 445-454. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcs299.
vanderMoezel_198733P. G. van der Moezel, W. A. Loneragan, and D. T. Bell. “Northern Sandplain Kwongan - regeneration following fire, juvenile period and flowering phenology”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 69.4 (1987), pp. 123-132.
ANBG_201912Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Clarke_201522P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Groom_201022P. K. Groom and B. B. Lamont. “Phosphorus accumulation in Proteaceae seeds: A synthesis”. Plant and Soil 334.1-2 (2010), pp. 61-72. doi: 10.1007/s11104-009-0135-6.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Tsakalos_202222J. L. Tsakalos, G. Ottaviani, S. Chelli, A. Rea, S. Elder, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands”. Annals of Botany 130.7 (2022), pp. 981-990. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac131.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.