AusTraits

Banksia prionotes

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Banksia prionotes Lindl.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Sirmuellera prionotes (Lindl.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (5), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (23), ANBG_2019 (1), Burrows_2008_2 (5), Burrows_2020 (5), Chen_2017 (5), Collette_2021 (1), Cowling_1987 (18), Denton_2007 (69), Enright_2014 (11), Groom_2010 (2), Guilherme_Pereira_2019 (92), Hanley_2001 (5), Hassiotou_2009 (3), Hayes_2018 (63), He_2011 (3), Jordan_2020 (6), Kew_2019_1 (2), Milberg_1998 (4), Pate_1990 (5), Shedley_2007 (10), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), Tsakalos_2020 (18), Tsakalos_2022 (2), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (3), Yang_2023 (2). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 113 traits from 382 records in 33 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (15) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Cowling_1987; Denton_2007; Enright_2014; Groom_2010; He_2011; Pate_1990; Shedley_2007; Yang_2023]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (10) [sources: Cowling_1987; Enright_2014; Pate_1990; Shedley_2007; Yang_2023]
  • fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 36 mo (36-36 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 17 mm (14-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 8.5 mm (6-11 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 4.5 mm (3-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Tsakalos_2020]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_length (numerical): 210 mm (150-270 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 15 mm (10-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.95 cm (0.4-1.5 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 204.27 g/m2 (123.46-312.9 g/m2) [sources: Denton_2007; Guilherme_Pereira_2019; Hanley_2001; Hassiotou_2009]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.58 g/g (0.5-0.64 g/g) [sources: Denton_2007; Guilherme_Pereira_2019]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): linear (1); triangular (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (2); toothed_dentate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): undulate (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1); undulate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): glaucous (1); not_glaucous (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): hairy (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (5); tree (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; Shedley_2007; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1); prostrate (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • reproductive_maturity (numerical): 3 a (3-3 a) [sources: Burrows_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nyyyyyyynnnn (4); yyyyyyynnnyy (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Cowling_1987; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_1998]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (6); soil_seedbank_absent (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Cowling_1987; Enright_2014; Shedley_2007]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (1); serotiny_low (4) [sources: Cowling_1987; Denton_2007; Groom_2010; Hanley_2001; He_2011]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (2) [sources: Collette_2021; Cowling_1987]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
  • storage_organ (categorical): no_storage_organ (1) [sources: Denton_2007]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): none (2) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; He_2011]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 9.81 mg/g (7.18-13.32 mg/g) [sources: Guilherme_Pereira_2019; Hanley_2001]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.3 mg/g (0.13-0.49 mg/g) [sources: Denton_2007; Guilherme_Pereira_2019; Hayes_2018]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 21.66 mg (16.2-27.83 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Cowling_1987; Denton_2007; Kew_2019_1; Milberg_1998]
  • seed_length (numerical): 17.5 mm (16-19 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 5.5 mm (5-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • seed_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); ovoid (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Guilherme_Pereira_20192192C. G. Pereira, P. E. Hayes, O. S. O'Sullivan, L. K. Weerasinghe, P. L. Clode, O. K. Atkin, and H. Lambers. “Trait convergence in photosynthetic nutrient-use efficiency along a 2-million year dune chronosequence in a global biodiversity hotspot”. Journal of Ecology 107.4 (2019), pp. 2006-2023. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13158.
Denton_20072169M. D. Denton, E. J. Veneklaas, F. M. Freimoser, and H. Lambers. “Banksia species (Proteaceae) from severely phosphorus-impoverished soils exhibit extreme efficiency in the use and re-mobilization of phosphorus”. Plant, Cell and Environment 30 (2007), pp. 1557-1565. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01733.x.
Hayes_20182163P. E. Hayes, P. L. Clode, R. S. Oliveira, and H. Lambers. “Proteaceae from phosphorus-impoverished habitats preferentially allocate phosphorus to photosynthetic cells: An adaptation improving phosphorus-use efficiency”. Plant, Cell and Environment 41.3 (2018), pp. 605-619. doi: 10.1111/pce.13124.
ABRS_20231623Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Cowling_19871218R. M. Cowling, B. B. Lamont, and S. M. Pierce. “Seed bank dynamics of four co-occurring Banksia species”. The Journal of Ecology 75.2 (1987), pp. 289-302. doi: 10.2307/2260419.
Tsakalos_20201718J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
Enright_2014311N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, B. B. Lamont, B. P. Miller, and V. C. Westcott. “Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits”. Journal of Ecology 102 (2014), pp. 1572-1581. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12306.
Shedley_2007510E. F. Shedley. Fire and Biodiversity Guidelines for the Avon Basin: Consultant Report to the Avon Catchment Council and the Department of Environment and Conservation, August 2007. Tech. rep. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, 2007.
Jordan_202066G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
ABRS_198145B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Burrows_2008_255N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_202055N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Hanley_200155M. E. Hanley and B. B. Lamont. “Herbivory, serotiny and seedling defence in Western Australian Proteaceae”. Oecologia 126.3 (2001), pp. 409-417. ISSN: 1432-1939. doi: 10.1007/s004420000538.
Pate_199055J. S. Pate, R. H. Froend, B. J. Bowen, A. Hansen, and J. Kuo. “Seedling growth and storage characteristics of seeder and resprouter species of Mediterranean-type ecosystems of SW Australia”. Annals of Botany 65.6 (1990), pp. 585-601. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087976.
Milberg_199844P. Milberg, M. A. Perez-Fernandez, and B. B. Lamont. “Seedling growth response to added nutrients depends on seed size in three woody genera”. Journal of Ecology 86.4 (1998), pp. 624-632. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00283.x.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Hassiotou_200933F. Hassiotou, J. R. Evans, M. Ludwig, and E. J. Veneklaas. “Stomatal crypts may facilitate diffusion of CO2 to adaxial mesophyll cells in thick sclerophylls”. Plant, Cell and Environment 32 (2009), pp. 1596-1611. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02024.x.
He_201133T. He, B. B. Lamont, and K. S. Downes. “Banksia born to burn”. New Phytologist 191.1 (2011), pp. 184-196. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wright_200033I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Groom_201022P. K. Groom and B. B. Lamont. “Phosphorus accumulation in Proteaceae seeds: A synthesis”. Plant and Soil 334.1-2 (2010), pp. 61-72. doi: 10.1007/s11104-009-0135-6.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Tsakalos_202222J. L. Tsakalos, G. Ottaviani, S. Chelli, A. Rea, S. Elder, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands”. Annals of Botany 130.7 (2022), pp. 981-990. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac131.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Yang_202322S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
ANBG_201911Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
WAH_2023_211Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.