AusTraits

Banksia robur

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Banksia robur Cav.

Synonyms: 10 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Banksia dilleniaefolia Knight (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Banksia dilleniifolia Knight (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Banksia fagifolia Hoffmanns. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Banksia integrifolia var. dentata Meisn. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Banksia latifolia R.Br. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Banksia latifolia R.Br. var. latifolia (taxonomic synonym)
  • Banksia macrophylla Link (taxonomic synonym)
  • Banksia robur Cav. var. robur (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Banksia uncigera Knight (taxonomic synonym)
  • Sirmuellera robur (Cav.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (5), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (25), Chen_2017 (5), Collette_2021 (1), He_2011 (3), Hughes_1992 (5), Jordan_2020 (5), Kew_2019_1 (3), Kew_2019_6 (3), Kubiak_2009 (2), McCarthy_2017 (5), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (18), NSWFRD_2014 (10), Niinemets_2009 (74), Ooi_2007 (77), Roderick_1999 (3), Schmidt_1997 (13), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (5), Wright_2009 (35), Yang_2023 (6). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 95 traits from 319 records in 26 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1); red_brown (1); white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 13 mm (10-16 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 5 mm (4-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 6.5 mm (5-8 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 12595.33 mm2 (10924-14390 mm2) [sources: Niinemets_2009]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 210 mm (120-300 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 90 mm (50-170 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.5 cm (1-2 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 228.94 g/m2 (86.96-320 g/m2) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Roderick_1999]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); obovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): cuneate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1); toothed (1); toothed_serrate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Schmidt_1997]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Schmidt_1997; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2020; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): prostrate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Schmidt_1997]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Schmidt_1997]
  • root_structure (categorical): proteoid_root (1) [sources: Schmidt_1997]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yyyyyyynnnnn (5) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (3) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Yang_2023]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (4) [sources: He_2011; Hughes_1992; Yang_2023]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (2) [sources: Collette_2021; Ooi_2007]
  • storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NSWFRD_2014; Schmidt_1997]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (1); bud-bearing_root (1) [sources: He_2011; NSWFRD_2014]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 6.91 mg/g (4.5-11.58 mg/g) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Roderick_1999; Schmidt_1997]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.62 mg/g (0.35-0.91 mg/g) [sources: Niinemets_2009]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29.72 {delta}[ppth] (-32.4--27.75 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Schmidt_1997]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 26.03 mg (12.1-45.9 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Ooi_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 17.5 mm (15-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 4.5 mm (4-5 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1); polyhedral (1); winged (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.58 mg/mm3 (0.53-0.65 mg/mm3) [sources: McCarthy_2017]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 2.17 m (1-3 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2023]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Ooi_2007277M. K. J. Ooi, P. Myerscough, and T. Auld. “Unpublished data: Longterm seed mass field campaign, University of New South Wales”. 2007.
Niinemets_20092674Ü. Niinemets, I. J. Wright, and J. R. Evans. “Leaf mesophyll diffusion conductance in 35 Australian sclerophylls covering a broad range of foliage structural and physiological variation”. Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (2009), pp. 2433-2449. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp045.
Wright_20091335I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Leaf pigment and reflectance data for sclerophylls, Macquarie University”. 2009.
ABRS_20231825Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_20231418N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Schmidt_19971113S. Schmidt and G. Stewart. “Waterlogging and fire impacts on nitrogen availability and utilization in a subtropical wet heathland (wallum)”. Plant, Cell and Environment 20.10 (1997), pp. 1231-1241. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-20.x.
NSWFRD_2014810B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Yang_202336S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
ABRS_198145B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Hughes_199255L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Jordan_202055G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
McCarthy_201715J. K. McCarthy, J. M. Dwyer, and K. Mokany. “A regional-scale assessment of using metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286.1915 (2019), p. 20192221. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2221.
Wright_200055I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
He_201133T. He, B. B. Lamont, and K. S. Downes. “Banksia born to burn”. New Phytologist 191.1 (2011), pp. 184-196. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03663.x.
Kew_2019_113Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_613Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Roderick_199933M. L. Roderick, S. L. Berry, and I. R. Noble. “The relationship between leaf composition and morphology at elevated CO2 concentrations”. New Phytologist 143.1 (1999), pp. 63-72. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00438.x.
Kubiak_200922P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.