Banksia tortifolia

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Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Banksia tortifolia (Kippist ex Meisn.) A.R.Mast & K.R.Thiele

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)

Dryandra arctotidis var. tortifolia (Meisn.) Benth. (nomenclatural synonym)
Dryandra tortifolia Kippist ex Meisn. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (3), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (12), Chen_2017 (5), Collette_2021 (1), Enright_2014 (5), Jordan_2020 (3), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Tsakalos_2020 (18), Tsakalos_2022 (3), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Yang_2023 (2). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 37 traits from 70 records in 16 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (4) [sources: Enright_2014; Tsakalos_2020; Yang_2023]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (2) [sources: Enright_2014]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 13 mm (12-14 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Tsakalos_2020]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 135 mm (100-170 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 10 mm (7-13 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
petiole_length (numerical): 2 cm (1-3 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): linear (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (2); lobed_deep (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): conduplicate (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): not_glaucous (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): prostrate (2); spreading (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnynn (2); nnnnnnnyyynn (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (1) [sources: Enright_2014]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (1) [sources: WAH_2023_2]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); rhizome_woody (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022; Yang_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.2 m (0.15-0.25 m) [sources: WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Tsakalos_2020	17	18	J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
ABRS_2023	8	12	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Enright_2014	3	5	N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, B. B. Lamont, B. P. Miller, and V. C. Westcott. “Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits”. Journal of Ecology 102 (2014), pp. 1572-1581. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12306.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_2	4	4	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_1981	3	3	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Jordan_2020	3	3	G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Tsakalos_2022	3	3	J. L. Tsakalos, G. Ottaviani, S. Chelli, A. Rea, S. Elder, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands”. Annals of Botany 130.7 (2022), pp. 981-990. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac131.
WAH_2023_2	2	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Yang_2023	2	2	S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.