Billardiera fraseri

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Family Pittosporaceae

Taxonomy: Billardiera fraseri (Hook.) L.W.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford

Synonyms: 8 (APC 2026-07-30)

Billardiera elegans (Hügel ex Endl.) F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
Campylanthera fraseri (Hook.) Hook. (nomenclatural synonym)
Pronaya elegans Hügel (taxonomic synonym)
Pronaya elegans Hügel ex Endl. (taxonomic synonym)
Pronaya elegans Hügel var. elegans (taxonomic synonym)
Pronaya fraseri (Hook.) E.M.Benn. (nomenclatural synonym)
Pronaya fraseri (Hook.) E.M.Benn. var. fraseri (nomenclatural synonym)
Spiranthera fraseri Hook. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (17), Burrows_2008_2 (4), Burrows_2020 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Standish_2019 (7), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 28 traits from 44 records in 11 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2); resprouts (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Standish_2019]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1); hermaphrodite (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 20 mm (20-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 8 mm (8-8 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 8 mm (8-8 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): berry (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): brown (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 25 mm (22-28 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 4 mm (3-5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): narrowly_elliptical (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

life history

plant_growth_form (categorical): climber (1); climber_herbaceous (1); climber_woody (1); shrub (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Standish_2019; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (1); woody (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Wenk_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnnny (1) [sources: WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (3) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Standish_2019]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): morphophysiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 2.79 mg (2.79-2.79 mg) [sources: Standish_2019]
seed_shape (categorical): hemispheric (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
ABRS_2023	15	17	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Standish_2019	7	7	R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Burrows_2008_2	4	4	N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Burrows_2020	3	3	N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
WAH_2022_2	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.