AusTraits

Billardiera scandens

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Family Pittosporaceae

Taxonomy: Billardiera scandens Sm.

Synonyms: 13 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Billardiera angustifolia DC. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera brachyantha F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera brachyantha F.Muell. ex Klatt (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera brachyantha F.Muell. ex Klatt var. brachyantha (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera brachyantha var. phyllocalyx Klatt (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera canariensis J.C.Wendl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera daphnoides Knowles & Westc. (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera grandiflora Putt. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera latifolia Putt. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera scandens Sm. var. scandens (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Billardiera scandens var. brachyantha (F.Muell. ex Klatt) Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Billardiera scandens var. sericata E.M.Benn. (pro parte taxonomic synonym)
  • Labillardiera scandens (Sm.) Schult. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (5), ABRS_2023 (17), ANBG_2019 (6), Cheal_2017 (10), Clarke_2009 (5), Clarke_2015 (8), Doherty_2021 (2), Draper_2023 (3), Gallagher_2012 (5), Hughes_1992 (4), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (4), Kew_2019_5 (1), Kubiak_2009 (7), Leishman_1993 (1), Leishman_1995 (7), McGlone_2015 (6), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2015 (2), NHNSW_2014_2 (4), NHNSW_2016 (4), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (11), NSWFRD_2014 (19), Pickup_2021 (25), Purdie_1976 (2), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (15), SAH_2023 (20), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (72), Williams_2011 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 69 traits from 308 records in 35 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); partial_resprouting (6); resprouts (10) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Doherty_2021; Kubiak_2009; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (9); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976]
  • fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 23.4 mo (22.8-24 mo) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1); green (1); white_cream (1); yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1); hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 23.62 mm (10-40 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 9 mm (5-13 mm) [sources: SAH_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 9 mm (5-13 mm) [sources: SAH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): berry (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Gallagher_2012; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (3) [sources: Jordan_2001; Leishman_1995; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): green (2); yellow (1) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 403.83 mm2 (83-989.6 mm2) [sources: Leishman_1995; Meers_2007; Mokany_2015]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 46.25 mm (12-80 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 11.75 mm (2-18 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.25 cm (0.1-0.4 cm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 89.83 g/m2 (65.45-130.72 g/m2) [sources: Gallagher_2012; Leishman_1995; Meers_2007]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (1); linear (1); narrowly_elliptical (1); narrowly_ovate (1); oblong (1); ovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2); toothed_crenate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (1); undulate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1); unlobed (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (5) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): climber (9); climber_woody (2); herb (1); shrub (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; Clarke_2009; Hughes_1992; Leishman_1995; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • plant_climbing_mechanism (categorical): twining (2) [sources: Clarke_2009; Gallagher_2012]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): climbing (3); decumbent (1); rhizomatous (1); sprawling (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2022]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (6) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (4) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (5); vertebrate (4) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (13); epizoochory (1); zoochory (2) [sources: Draper_2023; Hughes_1992; Kew_2019_5; Leishman_1995; Meers_2007; NHNSW_2016; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (4); vertebrates (3) [sources: Draper_2023; Leishman_1995; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyn (1); nnnnnnnnyyyy (1); ynnnnnnnyyyy (3); yynnnnnnnnyy (1); yynnnnnnyyyy (2) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (6) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021]
  • serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1); persistent (10) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (5) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); basal_stem_buds (5); bud-bearing_root (1); none (1) [sources: Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 2.54 mg (1.09-3.61 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Gallagher_2012; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1993; Leishman_1995; Meers_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 2.56 mm (2-3 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001; RBGV_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 2.02 mm (2-2.04 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001]
  • seed_shape (categorical): discoid (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; ANBG_2019]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
White_20201872M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Pickup_2021525M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
SAH_20231520S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_20141219B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
ABRS_20231417Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
RBGV_20231115VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Meers_20071111T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
NHNSW_2023911N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Cheal_2017710D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Williams_201199R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Clarke_201538P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Jordan_200177G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Kubiak_200947P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Leishman_199577M. R. Leishman, M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. “Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras”. Journal of Ecology 83 (1995), pp. 517-529. doi: 10.2307/2261604.
ANBG_201956Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
ABRS_202255Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_200935P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Gallagher_201255R. V. Gallagher and M. R. Leishman. “A global analysis of trait variation and evolution in climbing plants”. Journal of Biogeography 39.10 (2012), pp. 1757-1771. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02773.x.
Hughes_199244L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Kew_2019_114Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NHNSW_2014_244Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_201614National Herbarium of NSW. Trait measurements for NSW rainforest species from PLantNET. 2016. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Doherty_202122M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Mokany_201522K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Purdie_197622R. W. Purdie and R. O. Slatyer. “Vegetation succession after fire in sclerophyll woodland communities in south-eastern Australia”. Australian Journal of Ecology 1 (1976), pp. 223-236.
Sweedman_200622L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Leishman_199311M. Leishman. “Unpublished data: Seed mass data for Sydney species, Macquarie University”. 1990.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.