Billardiera variifolia

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Family Pittosporaceae

Taxonomy: Billardiera variifolia DC.

Synonyms: 7 (APC 2026-07-30)

Billardiera gracilis Diels (taxonomic synonym)
Billardiera huegeliana (Putt.) F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
Billardiera sericea (Turcz.) E.M.Benn. (taxonomic synonym)
Billardiera variifolia DC. var. variifolia (nomenclatural synonym)
Marianthus coelestis Putt. (taxonomic synonym)
Pronaya huegeliana Putt. (taxonomic synonym)
Pronaya sericea Turcz. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (17), ANBG_2019 (1), Burrows_2008_2 (5), Burrows_2020 (5), Collette_2021 (1), Pekin_2011 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Standish_2019 (7), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 29 traits from 68 records in 16 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (3); resprouts (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Pekin_2011; Standish_2019]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 26 mo (26-26 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1); hermaphrodite (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_type (categorical): berry (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 20.83 mm (10-35 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_width (numerical): 5.83 mm (2-11 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); narrowly_elliptical (1); ovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1); toothed_dentate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1); undulate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (1); unlobed (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

life history

plant_growth_form (categorical): climber (1); climber_herbaceous (2); climber_woody (1); shrub (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002]
life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Pekin_2011; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (1); woody (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: Pekin_2011; Standish_2019]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Pekin_2011; Standish_2019]
reproductive_maturity (numerical): 2.17 a (2.17-2.17 a) [sources: Burrows_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): yyyyynnnnyyy (1) [sources: WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (3) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Standish_2019]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): morphophysiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Burrows_2008_2]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.59 mg (0.57-2.61 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Standish_2019]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 2.5 m (2.5-2.5 m) [sources: WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
ABRS_2023	11	17	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Wheeler_2002	7	9	J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
Standish_2019	7	7	R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Burrows_2008_2	5	5	N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_2020	5	5	N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Pekin_2011	4	4	B. K. Pekin, R. S. Wittkuhn, M. M. Boer, C. Macfarlane, and P. F. Grierson. “Plant functional traits along environmental gradients in seasonally dry and fire-prone ecosystem”. Journal of Vegetation Science 22 (2011), pp. 1009-1020. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01323.x.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_2006	2	4	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ANBG_2019	1	1	Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
WAH_2023_2	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.