AusTraits

Bothriochloa macra

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Poaceae

Taxonomy: Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake

Synonyms: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Andropogon macer Steud. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Bothriochloa ambigua S.T.Blake (taxonomic synonym)
  • Bothriochloa ambiguua S.T.Blake (taxonomic synonym)
  • Bothriochloa macera S.T.Blake (orthographic variant)
Misapplied names: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Andropogon affinis R.Br. (misapplied)
  • Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd. (misapplied)
  • Andropogon pertusus var. decipiens Hack. (misapplied)
  • Bothriochloa decipiens (Hack.) C.E.Hubb. (misapplied)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, NI (naturalised), ACT, Vic, Tas (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ANBG_2019 (3), Carey_2003 (3), Cheal_2017 (8), Draper_2023 (3), Everingham_2020 (281), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_5 (1), Metcalfe_2020_2 (18), Mokany_2008 (77), Moore_2019_2 (55), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (2), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (6), NSWFRD_2014 (6), OReillyNugent_2018 (21), Osborne_2014 (1), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (8), SAH_2014 (2), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (3), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (20), Williams_2011 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 77 traits from 547 records in 27 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (15); resprouts (7) [sources: Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Moore_2019_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Carey_2003; Cheal_2017]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): andromonoecious (1); hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_type (categorical): caryopsis (5) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (1); indehiscent (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 650.89 mm2 (132.46-1718.67 mm2) [sources: Everingham_2020; Metcalfe_2020_2; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 148 mm (47-300 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; Metcalfe_2020_2; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 4.01 mm (2.5-5.5 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 62.45 mg (5-230 mg) [sources: Everingham_2020; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 60.5 g/m2 (26.82-147.28 g/m2) [sources: Everingham_2020; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; OReillyNugent_2018]
  • leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.18 g/g (0.13-0.27 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.31 g/g (0.26-0.35 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (2) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 39.6 deg (25-82 deg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c4 (7) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Munroe_2019; Osborne_2014; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (4); graminoid_not_tussock (1); herb (5); tussock (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (3) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Mokany_2008; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: Cheal_2017; Moore_2019_2; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (4) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): caespitose (1); decumbent (2); erect (1); rhizomatous (2) [sources: Moore_2019_2; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (3) [sources: Mokany_2008; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1); non_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (1); self (1); wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1); epizoochory (3); zoochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; Kew_2019_5; Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): mammals (1); wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnnny (2); yyyynnnnnnny (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1); persistent (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
  • seed_viability (numerical): 0.38 {count}/{count} (0.04-0.71 {count}/{count}) [sources: Everingham_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1); vegetative (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); bud-bearing_root (1) [sources: Carey_2003; Moore_2019_2]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.01 mg (0.1-1.8 mg) [sources: Everingham_2020; Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 2.24 mm (2.24-2.24 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019]
  • seed_width (numerical): 0.96 mm (0.96-0.96 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: ANBG_2019]
stem morphology
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Everingham_202012281S. E. Everingham, C. A. Offord, M. E. B. Sabot, and A. T. Moles. “Time travelling seeds reveal that plant regeneration and growth traits are responding to climate change”. Ecology 102 (2020), p. e03272. doi: 10.1002/ecy.3272.
Mokany_20082177K. Mokany and J. Ash. “Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?”. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (2008), pp. 119-126. doi: 10.3170/2007-8-18340.
Moore_2019_21255N. A. Moore, J. S. Camac, and J. W. Morgan. “Effects of drought and fire on resprouting capacity of 52 temperate Australian perennial native grasses”. New Phytologist 221.3 (2018), pp. 1424-1433. doi: 10.1111/nph.15480.
OReillyNugent_2018221A. O'Reilly-Nugent, E. Wandrag, C. Catford, B. Gruber, D. Driscoll, and R. Duncan. “Measuring competitive impact: Joint-species modelling of invaded plant communities”. Journal of Ecology 108 (2018), pp. 449-459.
White_20202020M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Metcalfe_2020_21618D. Metcalfe. “Unpublished data: Traits of Poaceae spp, CSIRO”. 2020.
Williams_201199R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Cheal_201788D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
RBGV_202388VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202356N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_201466B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ANBG_201933Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Carey_200333A. C. &. M. E. &. P. H. &. M. L. &. T. M. &. P. O. &. S. S. &. D. S. &. N. Webb. Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Technical Report No. 17. Environment ACT, 2003. url: https://www.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2539593/17-wildfires-in-the-act-report-on-initial-impacts-on-natural-ecosystems-2003.pdf.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
SAH_202233S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
SAH_202333S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2014_222Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_201422J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Osborne_201411C. Osborne, A. Salomaa, T. Kluyver, V. Visser, E. Kellogg, O. Morrone, M. Vorontsova, W. Clayton, and D. Simpson. “A global database of C4 photosynthesis in grasses”. New Phytologist 204 (2014), pp. 441-446. doi: 10.1111/nph.12942.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.