AusTraits

Briza maxima

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Poaceae

Taxonomy: Briza maxima L.

Synonyms: none listed in the APC 2026-07-30

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), NT (doubtfully naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), LHI (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (8), Burrows_2008_2 (4), Burrows_2020 (4), Cheal_2017 (5), Crowley_2007 (1), Doherty_2021 (3), Dwyer_2017 (7), Funk_2016 (60), Kubiak_2009 (5), Mokany_2008 (43), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (7), NSWFRD_2014 (3), Nano_2011 (1), RBGV_2022 (3), RBGV_2023 (7), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (5), Standish_2019 (8), Tsakalos_2020 (16), WAH_2022_1 (4), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_1 (2), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Yang_2023 (2). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 61 traits from 220 records in 30 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1); red_brown (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_type (categorical): caryopsis (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_1; WAH_2023_2]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 255.05 mm2 (180.01-396.87 mm2) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 132.22 mm (51.5-200 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 5.88 mm (2-8 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 8.7 mg (6.1-13.8 mg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 30.73 g/m2 (20.68-66.93 g/m2) [sources: Dwyer_2017; Funk_2016; Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.2 g/g (0.17-0.24 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.23 g/g (0.22-0.25 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): linear (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): not_glaucous (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 73.67 deg (67-81 deg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2023_1]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3) [sources: Mokany_2008; Munroe_2019; Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (9); herb (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Funk_2016; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): therophyte (2) [sources: Funk_2016; Mokany_2008]
  • life_history (categorical): annual (12) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Cheal_2017; Funk_2016; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (8) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): caespitose (1); erect (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_1]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (3) [sources: Funk_2016; Mokany_2008; Standish_2019]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (3) [sources: Funk_2016; Standish_2019; Tsakalos_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • reproductive_maturity (numerical): 0.5 a (0.5-0.5 a) [sources: Burrows_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyn (1); nnnnnnnyyynn (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (3) [sources: Doherty_2021; Standish_2019; Yang_2023]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1); widely_dispersed (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): none (2) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Doherty_2021]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 25.13 mg/g (12.6-31.7 mg/g) [sources: Funk_2016; Standish_2019]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 2.17 mg/g (0.69-3.4 mg/g) [sources: Funk_2016; Standish_2019]
seed morphology
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Funk_20161760J. L. Funk, R. J. Standish, W. D. Stock, and F. Valladares. “Plant functional traits of dominant native and invasive species in mediterranean-climate ecosystems”. Ecology 97.1 (2016), pp. 75-83. doi: 10.1890/15-0974.1.
Mokany_20081943K. Mokany and J. Ash. “Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?”. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (2008), pp. 119-126. doi: 10.3170/2007-8-18340.
Tsakalos_20201516J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
ABRS_202368Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Standish_201988R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Dwyer_201737J. M. Dwyer and D. C. Laughlin. “Constraints on trait combinations explain climatic drivers of biodiversity: The importance of trait covariance in community assembly”. Ecology Letters 20.7 (2017), pp. 872-882. doi: 10.1111/ele.12781.
NHNSW_202367N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202377VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Cheal_201755D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Kubiak_200945P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
SAH_202345S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Burrows_2008_244N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_202044N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
WAH_2022_144Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Doherty_202133M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_201433B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
RBGV_202233VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_202233S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_223Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_122Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Yang_202322S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
Crowley_200711G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Nano_201111C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.