AusTraits

Bruguiera gymnorhiza

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Rhizophoraceae

Taxonomy: Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Savigny

Synonyms: 6 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Bruguiera australis Arn. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Benth. (orthographic variant)
  • Bruguiera rheedei Blume (taxonomic synonym)
  • Bruguieria australis Arn. (orthographic variant)
  • Rhizophora australis (Arn.) Steud. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Rhizophora gymnorhiza L. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): ChI, NT, Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (13), Brock_1993 (9), Bryant_2021_3 (121), Chen_2017 (4), Cooper_2013 (11), Ilic_2000 (1), Kooyman_2011 (12), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (14), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (11), Santini_2013 (32), Sjostrom_2006 (2), Stephens_2023 (1), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Zanne_2009 (1), eFLOWER_2021 (42), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (56). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 69 traits from 348 records in 22 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1); pink (1); red_brown (1); yellow_orange (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • flower_diameter (numerical): 2.5 cm (1.5-3.5 cm) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 18.25 mm (2-45 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 20 mm (20-20 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
  • fruit_type (categorical): berry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1); fleshy (1) [sources: Chen_2017; Cooper_2013]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_length (numerical): 119.1 mm (45-220 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 101 mm (30-185 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 3.3 cm (2-5 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 136.67 g/m2 (85.5-183 g/m2) [sources: Bryant_2021_3]
  • leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 2.3 g/g (1.44-3.9 g/g) [sources: Bryant_2021_3]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (3); lanceolate (1); obovate (1); ovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): decussate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]
life history
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): tree (8) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; Bryant_2021_3; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Kooyman_2011]
  • pollination_system (categorical): bird (1); wind (1) [sources: Stephens_2023]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnyyyyy (1); yyyyyyynnyyy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): viviparous (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
seed morphology
  • seed_length (numerical): 192.5 mm (120-250 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 17.5 mm (15-20 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.69 mg/mm3 (0.32-0.84 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Santini_2013; Zanne_2009]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 20.51 um (19.25-21.43 um) [sources: Santini_2013]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 22.08 m (0.45-36 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Bryant_2021_37121C. Bryant, R. J. Harris, N. Brothers, C. Bone, N. Walsh, A. B. Nicotra, and M. C. Ball. “Cross-tolerance: Salinity gradients and dehydration increase photosynthetic heat tolerance in mangrove leaves”. Functional Ecology (2024). ISSN: 1365-2435. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.14508.
eFLOWER_Dun_20223156L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
eFLOWER_20212642J. Schönenberger, M. Balthazar, A. L. Martinez, B. Albert, C. Prieu, S. Magallon, and H. Sauquet. “Phylogenetic analysis of fossil flowers using an angiosperm-wide data set: proof-of-concept and challenges ahead”. American Journal of Botany 107.10 (2020), pp. 1433-1448. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1538.
Santini_2013432N. S. Santini, N. Schmitz, V. Bennion, and C. E. Lovelock. “The anatomical basis of the link between density and mechanical strength in mangrove branches”. Functional Plant Biology 40.4 (2013), pp. 400-408. doi: 10.1071/fp12204.
NHNSW_2023914N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231013Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Kooyman_2011912R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Cooper_2013911W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
NTH_2023711D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Brock_199379J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
NHNSW_2014_255Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NTH_202233D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200622A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_198111B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Ilic_200011J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Stephens_202311R. E. Stephens, R. V. Gallagher, L. Dun, W. Cornwell, and H. Sauquet. “Insect pollination for most of angiosperm evolutionary history”. New Phytologist 240.2 (2023), pp. 880-891. ISSN: 1469-8137. doi: 10.1111/nph.18993.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Zanne_200911A. E. Zanne, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, D. A. Coomes, J. Ilic, S. Jansen, S. L. Lewis, R. B. Miller, N. G. Swenson, M. C. Wiemann, and J. Chave. “Data from: Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum”. Dryad Digital Repository (2009). doi: 10.5061/dryad.234.