AusTraits

Coprosma quadrifida

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Rubiaceae

Taxonomy: Coprosma quadrifida (Labill.) B.L.Rob.

Synonyms: 7 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Canthium billardierei D.Dietr. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Canthium billardierii D.Dietr. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Canthium quadrifidum Labill. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Coprosma billardierei Hook.f. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Coprosma billardieri Hook.f. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Marquisia billardierei A.Rich. ex DC. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Marquisia billardieri DC. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ANBG_2019 (3), Campbell_2006 (6), Carey_2003 (3), Cheal_2017 (6), Clarke_2009 (2), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Cooper_2013 (1), Doherty_2021 (2), Draper_2023 (4), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kooyman_2011 (14), Lawson_2015 (1), McGlone_2015 (6), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2015 (3), Muir_2014 (2), NHNSW_2014_2 (4), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (14), NSWFRD_2014 (8), Pickup_2021 (10), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (17), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Smith_1996 (155), Staples_2019 (5), Tng_2013 (5), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (18), Williams_2011 (10), Wright_2006 (6). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 79 traits from 344 records in 34 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (3); resprouts (6) [sources: Campbell_2006; Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Doherty_2021; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (2); post_fire_recruitment_absent (4) [sources: Campbell_2006; Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Pickup_2021]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): dioecious (4) [sources: Draper_2023; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 5.75 mm (5-8 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): drupe (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): orange (1); red (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 47.1 mm2 (2-101 mm2) [sources: Meers_2007; Mokany_2015; Smith_1996; Tng_2013; Wright_2006]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 9.6 mm (1.5-16 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; Smith_1996; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 3.38 mm (1-5 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; Smith_1996; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 0.81 mg (0.24-1.28 mg) [sources: Smith_1996]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.15 cm (0.15-0.15 cm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 57.73 g/m2 (48.98-67.5 g/m2) [sources: Meers_2007; Muir_2014; Smith_1996; Tng_2013; Wright_2006]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.37 g/g (0.35-0.39 g/g) [sources: Smith_1996]
  • leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.67 g/g (1.54-1.83 g/g) [sources: Smith_1996]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); lanceolate (2); narrowly_ovate (1); obovate (1); widely_ovate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1); revolute (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): crowded (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 14.5 deg (0-40 deg) [sources: Smith_1996]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (11); tree (2) [sources: Campbell_2006; Clarke_2009; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: Cheal_2017; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1); prostrate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (3) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1); wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (4); zoochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (2); vertebrates (2) [sources: Campbell_2006; Draper_2023; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyn (2); yynnnnnnnnny (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): none (2); soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Campbell_2006; Pickup_2021]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1); transient (3) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): physiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (3); basal_stem_buds (3); bud-bearing_root (2) [sources: Campbell_2006; Carey_2003; Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 19.11 mg/g (16.1-21.84 mg/g) [sources: Muir_2014; Smith_1996]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.36 mg/g (1.2-1.52 mg/g) [sources: Smith_1996]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -32.58 {delta}[ppth] (-32.58--32.58 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Tng_2013]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 5.77 mg (3.33-16.58 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Meers_2007; Mokany_2015]
  • seed_length (numerical): 4.37 mm (3-6 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 3.42 mm (3-4 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): globoid (1) [sources: ANBG_2019]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.57 mg/mm3 (0.48-0.66 mg/mm3) [sources: Lawson_2015; Staples_2019; Tng_2013; Wright_2006]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Wright_2006]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Smith_199617155B. Smith. “Community-level convergence and community structure of temperate Nothofagus forests”. PhD. University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1996. url: http://web.nateko.lu.se/personal/benjamin.smith/thesis/thesis.html.
White_20201818M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
RBGV_20231317VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Kooyman_20111014R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
NHNSW_20231114N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Meers_20071111T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
Pickup_2021510M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
Williams_20111010R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
NSWFRD_201488B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Jordan_200177G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Campbell_200666M. L. Campbell and P. J. Clarke. “Response of montane wet sclerophyll forest understorey species to fire- evidence from high and low intensity fires”. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 127 (2006), pp. 63-73. doi: unknown.
Cheal_201766D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
Wright_200646I. J. Wright, D. S. Falster, M. Pickup, and M. Westoby. “Cross-species patterns in the coordination between leaf and stem traits, and their implications for plant hydraulics”. Physiologia Plantarum 127 (2006), pp. 445-456. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00699.x.
Staples_201915T. Staples, J. M. Dwyer, J. R. England, and M. M. Mayfield. “Productivity does not correlate with species and functional diversity in Australian reforestation plantings across a wide climate gradient”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 28.10 (2019), pp. 1417-1429. doi: 10.1111/geb.12962.
Tng_201355D. Y. P. Tng, G. J. Jordan, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. “Plant traits demonstrate that temperate and tropical giant Eucalypt forests are ecologically convergent with rainforest not savanna”. PLoS ONE 8 (2013), p. e84378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084378.
Draper_202344J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
NHNSW_2014_244Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ANBG_201933Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Carey_200333A. C. &. M. E. &. P. H. &. M. L. &. T. M. &. P. O. &. S. S. &. D. S. &. N. Webb. Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Technical Report No. 17. Environment ACT, 2003. url: https://www.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2539593/17-wildfires-in-the-act-report-on-initial-impacts-on-natural-ecosystems-2003.pdf.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Mokany_201533K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Clarke_200922P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Doherty_202122M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Muir_201422A. M. Muir, P. A. Vesk, and G. Hepworth. “Reproductive trajectories over decadal time-spans after fire for eight obligate-seeder shrub species in south-eastern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany 62.5 (2014), pp. 369-379. doi: 10.1071/bt14117.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Cooper_201311W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Lawson_201511J. R. Lawson, K. A. Fryirs, and M. R. Leishman. “Data from: Hydrological conditions explain wood density in riparian plants of south-eastern Australia”. Dryad Digital Repository (2015). doi: 10.5061/dryad.72h45.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.