Croton arnhemicus

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Family Euphorbiaceae

Taxonomy: Croton arnhemicus Müll.Arg.

Synonyms: 5 (APC 2026-07-30)

Croton arnhemicus Müll.Arg. var. arnhemicus (nomenclatural synonym)
Croton arnhemicus var. typicus Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Croton arnhemicus var. urenifolius Baill. (taxonomic synonym)
Oxydectes arnhemica (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)
Oxydectes arnhemicus Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Brock_1993 (11), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (13), Crowley_2007 (2), Gross_2005 (4), Kooyman_2011 (10), Lord_1997 (4), Munroe_2019 (1), NTH_2014 (4), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (21), Nano_2011 (2), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 38 traits from 90 records in 17 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (4) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): monoecious (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 8.25 mm (6-12 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 8 mm (5-12 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 7.5 mm (6-9 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): capsule (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 107.5 mm (20-300 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 97.5 mm (10-280 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
petiole_length (numerical): 6.5 cm (2-11 cm) [sources: NTH_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (1); narrowly_ovate (1); orbicular (2); ovate (1) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
leaf_base_shape (categorical): cordate (1); truncate (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): toothed_crenate (1); toothed_serrate (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2014]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: NTH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (2); tree (6) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; Lord_1997; NTH_2022; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: Brock_1993; NTH_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (2) [sources: NTH_2022; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): deciduous (3) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2014]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): myrmecochory (1) [sources: Lord_1997]
dispersers (categorical): ants (1) [sources: Lord_1997]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyy (2); yyyynnnnyyyy (1) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; NTH_2014]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (3); bud-bearing_root (2); rhizome (2) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 10.7 mg (10.7-10.7 mg) [sources: Lord_1997]
seed_length (numerical): 5.5 mm (5-6 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 3.5 mm (3-4 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 10 m (5-15 m) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
NTH_2023	15	21	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Cooper_2013	10	13	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Brock_1993	9	11	J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
Kooyman_2011	9	10	R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Gross_2005	4	4	C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
Lord_1997	4	4	J. Lord, J. Egan, T. Clifford, E. Jurado, M. Leishman, D. Williams, and M. Westoby. “Larger seeds in tropical floras: Consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode”. Journal of Biogeography 24 (1997), pp. 205-211. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1997.00126.x.
NTH_2014	4	4	Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
RussellSmith_2012	4	4	J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
NTH_2022	3	3	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Crowley_2007	2	2	G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Nano_2011	2	2	C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Wright_2000	1	1	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.