Diospyros australis

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Family Ebenaceae

Taxonomy: Diospyros australis (R.Br.) Hiern

Synonyms: 9 (APC 2026-07-30)

Annona microcarpa Jacq. (taxonomic synonym)
Cargillia australis R.Br. (nomenclatural synonym)
Diospyros cargillea F.Muell. ex Hiern (taxonomic synonym)
Diospyros cargillia F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
Diospyros cargillia Hiern (taxonomic synonym)
Diospyros microcarpa (Jacq.) Gürke (taxonomic synonym)
Maba cargillia F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
Maba cargillia W.E.Cooper (taxonomic synonym)
Monodora microcarpa (Jacq.) Dunal (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ATRP_2020 (1), Butler_2004 (5), Campbell_2006 (6), Clarke_2009 (2), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (15), Fonseca_2000 (17), Ilic_2000 (1), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kooyman_2011 (13), Laxton_2005 (11), Leishman_1993 (1), Leishman_1995 (8), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (16), NSWFRD_2014 (3), Ooi_2007 (101), RadfordSmith_2024 (40), Read_2003 (51), Sams_2017 (5), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 63 traits from 308 records in 23 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); resprouts (2) [sources: Campbell_2006; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (2) [sources: Campbell_2006; Clarke_2015]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): dioecious (1) [sources: NHNSW_2022]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 15 mm (10-20 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
fruit_width (numerical): 13.75 mm (10-20 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 12.5 mm (10-15 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): berry (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Leishman_1995; Sams_2017]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sams_2017]
fruit_colour (categorical): black (1); red (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 1718.5 mm2 (545-2599 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Laxton_2005; Leishman_1995; RadfordSmith_2024; Read_2003]
leaf_length (numerical): 65 mm (30-100 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 29.65 mm (15-40 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 240.43 mg (109-302.7 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000; RadfordSmith_2024; Read_2003]
petiole_length (numerical): 0.35 cm (0.2-0.5 cm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 148.22 g/m2 (114.29-200 g/m2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Laxton_2005; Leishman_1995; RadfordSmith_2024; Read_2003; Sams_2017]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.44 g/g (0.4-0.49 g/g) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024; Read_2003]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); oblong (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2014_2; Read_2003]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]

life history

plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (6); tree (9) [sources: ATRP_2020; Butler_2004; Campbell_2006; Clarke_2009; Cooper_2013; Fonseca_2000; Kooyman_2011; Leishman_1995; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (3) [sources: Butler_2004; Leishman_1995; RadfordSmith_2024]
dispersers (categorical): birds (1); flying_vertebrates (1); vertebrates (3) [sources: Butler_2004; Campbell_2006; Cooper_2013; Leishman_1995; Sams_2017]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnyyy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013]
seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Campbell_2006]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Ooi_2007]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); basal_stem_buds (1); bud-bearing_root (1); none (1) [sources: Campbell_2006; Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 14.96 mg/g (13-18.6 mg/g) [sources: Laxton_2005; Read_2003]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.24 mg/g (0.42-2.15 mg/g) [sources: Read_2003]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 208.78 mg (81.8-381.8 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1993; Leishman_1995; Ooi_2007]
seed_length (numerical): 9 mm (8-10 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
seed_width (numerical): 7 mm (6-8 mm) [sources: Butler_2004; Kooyman_2011]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.63 mg/mm3 (0.56-0.71 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; RadfordSmith_2024]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 20 m (20-20 m) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; Leishman_1995]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Ooi_2007	2	101	M. K. J. Ooi, P. Myerscough, and T. Auld. “Unpublished data: Longterm seed mass field campaign, University of New South Wales”. 2007.
Read_2003	18	51	J. Read and G. D. Sanson. “Characterizing sclerophylly: the mechanical properties of a diverse range of leaf types”. New Phytologist 160.1 (2003), pp. 81-99. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00855.x.
RadfordSmith_2024	15	40	J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
Fonseca_2000	5	17	C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
NHNSW_2023	11	16	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Cooper_2013	12	15	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_2011	9	13	R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Laxton_2005	11	11	E. Laxton. “Relationship between leaf traits, insect communities and resource availability”. PhD. Macquarie University, 2005. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/483.
Leishman_1995	8	8	M. R. Leishman, M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. “Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras”. Journal of Ecology 83 (1995), pp. 517-529. doi: 10.2307/2261604.
Campbell_2006	6	6	M. L. Campbell and P. J. Clarke. “Response of montane wet sclerophyll forest understorey species to fire- evidence from high and low intensity fires”. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 127 (2006), pp. 63-73. doi: unknown.
Butler_2004	5	5	D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Sams_2017	5	5	M. A. Sams, H. R. Lai, S. P. Bonser, P. A. Vesk, R. M. Kooyman, D. J. Metcalfe, J. W. Morgan, and M. M. Mayfield. “Landscape context explains changes in the functional diversity of regenerating forests better than climate or species richness”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26.10 (2017), pp. 1165-1176. doi: 10.1111/geb.12627.
NHNSW_2022	4	4	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
NSWFRD_2014	3	3	B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Clarke_2009	2	2	P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_2020	1	1	F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Ilic_2000	1	1	J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Leishman_1993	1	1	M. Leishman. “Unpublished data: Seed mass data for Sydney species, Macquarie University”. 1990.
NHNSW_2014_2	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.