Echium plantagineum
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Family Boraginaceae
Taxonomy: Echium plantagineum L.
Misapplied names: 5 (APC 2026-07-30)
- Echium creticum L. (pro parte misapplied)
- Echium italicum L. (misapplied)
- Echium lycopsis L. (misapplied)
- Echium violaceum L. (misapplied)
- Echium vulgare L. (pro parte misapplied)
Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), NT (doubtfully naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)
Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP
Traits
Top source datasets: Catford_2014 (6), Cheal_2017 (6), Doherty_2021 (3), Dwyer_2017 (3), Kubiak_2009 (2), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (4), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (10), NSWFRD_2014 (2), NTH_2022 (4), NTH_2023 (5), OReillyNugent_2018 (2), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (16), SAH_2014 (4), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (8), Tsakalos_2020 (16), WAH_2022_1 (3), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_1 (2), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Yang_2023 (2). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 41 traits from 119 records in 26 datasets.
Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.
fire response
- resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (3) [sources: Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014; Yang_2023]
- post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (2) [sources: Cheal_2017; Yang_2023]
flower morphology
- flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1); pink (1); red_brown (1); white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
fruit morphology
- fruit_length (numerical): 2.5 mm (2-3 mm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
- fruit_type (categorical): mericarp (4) [sources: NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
- fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
- fruit_colour (categorical): black (2); brown (4); grey (4) [sources: NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
- leaf_length (numerical): 188.33 mm (40-300 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
- leaf_width (numerical): 52.67 mm (8-80 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
- leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 56.28 g/m2 (32.7-79.86 g/m2) [sources: Catford_2014; Dwyer_2017]
- leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (2); oblanceolate (3); oblong (2); obovate (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
- leaf_base_shape (categorical): auriculate (2); cordate (3); cuneate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
- leaf_margin (categorical): entire (3) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
- leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
- leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
- leaf_glaucousness (categorical): not_glaucous (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
- leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): hairy (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
- leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (4) [sources: NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
- leaf_arrangement (categorical): clustered_basal (1); scattered (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
- plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (6) [sources: NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2023_1]
life history
- photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Munroe_2019; Tsakalos_2020]
- plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (9) [sources: Catford_2014; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
- life_history (categorical): annual (9); biennial (6); perennial (1) [sources: Catford_2014; Cheal_2017; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
- woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (8) [sources: NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
- stem_growth_habit (categorical): dense (1); erect (5); rosette (3) [sources: NHNSW_2022; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2022; NTH_2023; RBGV_2022; RBGV_2023; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2]
- parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
- flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyy (1); ynnnnnnyyyyy (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
- seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Doherty_2021]
- seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: Cheal_2017]
- bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Doherty_2021]
seed morphology
- seed_dry_mass (numerical): 4.08 mg (3.95-4.2 mg) [sources: Catford_2014; Dwyer_2017]
whole plant morphology
- plant_height (numerical): 0.76 m (0.1-1.2 m) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2]
- plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
Sources
| dataset_id | n_traits | n_records | reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| RBGV_2023 | 12 | 16 | VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/. |
| Tsakalos_2020 | 15 | 16 | J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787. |
| NHNSW_2023 | 10 | 10 | N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/. |
| SAH_2023 | 8 | 8 | S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/. |
| Catford_2014 | 6 | 6 | J. A. Catford, W. K. Morris, P. A. Vesk, C. J. Gippel, and B. J. Downes. “Species and environmental characteristics point to flow regulation and drought as drivers of riparian plant invasion”. Diversity and Distributions 20 (2014), pp. 1084-1096. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12225. |
| Cheal_2017 | 6 | 6 | D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010. |
| NTH_2023 | 5 | 5 | D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/. |
| NHNSW_2014_2 | 4 | 4 | Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/. |
| NHNSW_2022 | 4 | 4 | N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/. |
| NTH_2022 | 4 | 4 | D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/. |
| RBGV_2022 | 4 | 4 | VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/. |
| SAH_2014 | 2 | 4 | J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986. |
| WAH_2022_2 | 4 | 4 | Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/. |
| Doherty_2021 | 3 | 3 | M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564. |
| Dwyer_2017 | 3 | 3 | J. M. Dwyer and D. C. Laughlin. “Constraints on trait combinations explain climatic drivers of biodiversity: The importance of trait covariance in community assembly”. Ecology Letters 20.7 (2017), pp. 872-882. doi: 10.1111/ele.12781. |
| SAH_2022 | 3 | 3 | S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/. |
| WAH_2022_1 | 3 | 3 | Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/. |
| Kubiak_2009 | 2 | 2 | P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165. |
| NSWFRD_2014 | 2 | 2 | B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014. |
| OReillyNugent_2018 | 2 | 2 | A. O'Reilly-Nugent, E. Wandrag, C. Catford, B. Gruber, D. Driscoll, and R. Duncan. “Measuring competitive impact: Joint-species modelling of invaded plant communities”. Journal of Ecology 108 (2018), pp. 449-459. |
| WAH_2023_1 | 2 | 2 | Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/. |
| WAH_2023_2 | 1 | 2 | Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/. |
| Wenk_2022 | 2 | 2 | E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022. |
| Yang_2023 | 2 | 2 | S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023. |
| Munroe_2019 | 1 | 1 | S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z. |
| Wenk_2023 | 1 | 1 | E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023. |