AusTraits

Elaeocarpus grandis

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Elaeocarpaceae

Taxonomy: Elaeocarpus grandis F.Muell.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Elaeocarpus drymophilus Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume (pro parte misapplied)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ATRP_2020 (1), Benwell_2024 (4), Bloomfield_2018 (156), Butler_2004 (5), Cooper_2013 (13), Falster_2005_1 (9), Grubb_2008 (1), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_4 (1), Kew_2019_5 (1), Metcalfe_2009 (19), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (18), RadfordSmith_2024 (33), Rosell_2014 (8), Rumman_2018 (4), Sams_2017 (5), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Weerasinghe_2014 (87), Wells_2012 (93), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wills_2018 (45), Wright_2000 (5), Zieminska_2015 (36). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 125 traits from 558 records in 26 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1); white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 24.5 mm (15-33 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 24.5 mm (15-33 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 25 mm (20-30 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): drupe (6) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (6) [sources: Cooper_2013; Metcalfe_2009; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wells_2012; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sams_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): blue (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 3379.73 mm2 (1399.08-4580.44 mm2) [sources: Falster_2005_1; Metcalfe_2009; RadfordSmith_2024; Wells_2012]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 135 mm (80-190 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 25 mm (10-40 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 284.73 mg (55.02-429.62 mg) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024; Wells_2012]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.5 cm (1-2 cm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 101.93 g/m2 (37.46-129.71 g/m2) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; Falster_2005_1; RadfordSmith_2024; Sams_2017; Weerasinghe_2014; Wells_2012; Wills_2018; Zieminska_2015]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.43 g/g (0.29-0.5 g/g) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; RadfordSmith_2024; Weerasinghe_2014; Wells_2012]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Rumman_2018]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); oblong (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): tree (8) [sources: ATRP_2020; Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Metcalfe_2009; NHNSW_2022; Rumman_2018; Wells_2012; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: Metcalfe_2009; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • root_structure (categorical): mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): bee (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2009; Wells_2012]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (3); zoochory (1) [sources: Butler_2004; Kew_2019_5; Metcalfe_2009; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • dispersers (categorical): bats (1); birds (2); flying_vertebrates (1); mammals (1); vertebrates (1) [sources: Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Sams_2017; Wells_2012]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnyyynnnnnnn (1); yyynnnnnnyyy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): none (1); soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Benwell_2024; Metcalfe_2009]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 23.21 mg/g (17.8-27.66 mg/g) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; Falster_2005_1; Grubb_2008; Weerasinghe_2014; Wills_2018]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.33 mg/g (0.77-2.5 mg/g) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; Weerasinghe_2014; Wills_2018]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29.68 {delta}[ppth] (-29.68--29.68 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Rumman_2018]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 2338.69 mg (17.07-3699 mg) [sources: Falster_2005_1; Kew_2019_1; Metcalfe_2009]
  • seed_width (numerical): 6 mm (6-6 mm) [sources: Butler_2004]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.47 mg/mm3 (0.39-0.68 mg/mm3) [sources: Falster_2005_1; Metcalfe_2009; RadfordSmith_2024; Rosell_2014; Wells_2012; Zieminska_2015]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Falster_2005_1; Zieminska_2015]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 80.95 {count}/mm2 (65.19-97.62 {count}/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2015]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 50.36 um (46.28-52.71 um) [sources: Zieminska_2015]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.16 mm2/mm2 (0.11-0.21 mm2/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2015]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Bloomfield_201824156K. J. Bloomfield, L. A. Cernusak, D. Eamus, D. S. Ellsworth, I. C. Prentice, I. J. Wright, M. M. Boer, M. G. Bradford, P. Cale, J. Cleverly, J. J. G. Egerton, B. J. Evans, L. S. Hayes, M. F. Hutchinson, M. J. Liddell, C. Macfarlane, W. S. Meyer, S. M. Prober, H. F. Togashi, T. Wardlaw, L. Zhu, and O. K. Atkin. “A continental-scale assessment of variability in leaf traits: Within species, across sites and between seasons”. Functional Ecology 32.6 (2018), pp. 1492-1506. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13097.
Wells_20122293J. A. Wells. “Phylogeny and inter-relations of ecological traits and seed dispersal in rainforest plants: Exploring aspects of functional diversity in primary and secondary rainforests in Australia's Wet Tropics.”. PhD. University of Queensland, 2012.
Weerasinghe_20141887L. K. Weerasinghe, D. Creek, K. Y. Crous, S. Xiang, M. J. Liddell, M. H. Turnbull, and O. K. Atkin. “Canopy position affects the relationships between leaf respiration and associated traits in a tropical rainforest in Far North Queensland”. Tree Physiology 34.6 (2014), pp. 564-584. doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpu016.
Wills_20181545J. Wills, J. Herbohn, J. Hu, S. Sohel, J. Baynes, and J. Firn. “Tree leaf trade-offs are stronger for sub-canopy trees: leaf traits reveal little about growth rates in canopy trees”. Ecological Applications 28.4 (2018), pp. 1116-1125. doi: 10.1002/eap.1715.
Zieminska_20151236K. Ziemińska, M. Westoby, and I. J. Wright. “Broad anatomical variation within a narrow wood density range - A study of twig wood across 69 Australian Angiosperms”. PLOS ONE 10.4 (2015), p. e0124892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124892.
RadfordSmith_20241433J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
Metcalfe_20091919E. Laliberte, J. A. Wells, F. DeClerck, D. J. Metcalfe, C. P. Catterall, C. Queiroz, I. Aubin, S. P. Bonser, Y. Ding, J. M. Fraterrigo, S. McNamara, J. W. Morgan, D. S. Merlos, P. A. Vesk, and M. M. Mayfield. “Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities”. Ecology Letters 13.1 (2010), pp. 76-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01403.x.
NHNSW_20231218N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Cooper_20131113W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Falster_2005_179D. S. Falster and M. Westoby. “Alternative height strategies among 45 dicot rain forest species from tropical Queensland, Australia”. Journal of Ecology 93 (2005), pp. 521-535. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2005.00992.x.
Rosell_201488J. A. Rosell, S. Gleason, R. Mendez-Alonzo, Y. Chang, and M. Westoby. “Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity”. New Phytologist 201.2 (2014), pp. 486-497. doi: 10.1111/nph.12541.
Butler_200455D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Sams_201755M. A. Sams, H. R. Lai, S. P. Bonser, P. A. Vesk, R. M. Kooyman, D. J. Metcalfe, J. W. Morgan, and M. M. Mayfield. “Landscape context explains changes in the functional diversity of regenerating forests better than climate or species richness”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26.10 (2017), pp. 1165-1176. doi: 10.1111/geb.12627.
Wright_200055I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Benwell_202444A. Benwell. “Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll-rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales”. Australian Journal of Botany 72.1 (2024). Ed. by D. Williams. ISSN: 1444-9862. doi: 10.1071/bt23049.
Rumman_201844R. Rumman, O. K. Atkin, K. J. Bloomfield, and D. Eamus. “Variation in bulk-leaf 13C discrimination, leaf traits and wateruse efficiency-trait relationships along a continental-scale climate gradient in Australia”. Global Change Biology 24 (2018), pp. 1186-1200. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13911.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Grubb_200811P. J. Grubb, R. V. Jackson, I. M. Barberis, J. N. Bee, D. A. Coomes, N. J. Dominy, M. A. S. D. L. Fuente, P. W. Lucas, D. J. Metcalfe, J. Svenning, I. M. Turner, and O. Vargas. “Monocot leaves are eaten less than dicot leaves in tropical lowland rain forests: Correlations with toughness and leaf presentation”. Annals of Botany 101 (2008), pp. 1379-1389. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcn047.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_411Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Oil content data from Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.