Enneapogon nigricans

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Family Poaceae

Taxonomy: Enneapogon nigricans (R.Br.) P.Beauv.

Synonyms: 8 (APC 2026-07-30)

Enneapogon arenicola (Domin) N.T.Burb. (taxonomic synonym)
Enneapogon arenicolus Kakudidi, Lazarides & Carnahan (taxonomic synonym)
Enneapogon flavescens (Lindl.) N.T.Burb. (taxonomic synonym)
Pappophorum commune F.Muell. (pro parte taxonomic synonym)
Pappophorum flavescens Lindl. (taxonomic synonym)
Pappophorum nigricans R.Br. (nomenclatural synonym)
Pappophorum nigricans var. arenicola Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Pappophorum nigricans var. arenicolum Domin (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (4), ANBG_2019 (6), Cheal_2017 (8), Draper_2023 (3), GrassBase_2014 (6), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_6 (2), Metcalfe_2020_2 (15), Mokany_2008 (67), Moore_2019_2 (55), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (7), Osborne_2014 (1), RBGV_2022 (3), RBGV_2023 (6), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (5), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Vesk_2004 (17), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (36), Williams_2011 (10). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 67 traits from 270 records in 26 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (18); resprouts (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; Moore_2019_2]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1) [sources: Cheal_2017]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): green (1); red_brown (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 1.75 mm (1.3-2.2 mm) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
fruit_type (categorical): caryopsis (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (1); indehiscent (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 395.88 mm2 (47.85-1108.61 mm2) [sources: Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Vesk_2004]
leaf_length (numerical): 96.75 mm (30.5-150 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; RBGV_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 2.54 mm (1-5 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; GrassBase_2014; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 79.17 mg (2.3-163 mg) [sources: Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 97.67 g/m2 (48.07-178.25 g/m2) [sources: Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Vesk_2004]
leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.17 g/g (0.12-0.2 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.35 g/g (0.3-0.41 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Vesk_2004]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): conduplicate (1); flat (4); involute (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 40.4 deg (10-70 deg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c4 (8) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Mokany_2008; Moore_2019_2; Munroe_2019; Osborne_2014; White_2020; Williams_2011]
plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (5); herb (4); tussock (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Vesk_2004; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (3) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Mokany_2008; Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; Moore_2019_2; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): tufted (1) [sources: Moore_2019_2]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Mokany_2008; White_2020; Williams_2011]
root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1); non_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Williams_2011]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (2); self (1); wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (3); epizoochory (2) [sources: Draper_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): mammals (2); wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): yyyyynnyyyyy (2) [sources: White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1); persistent (2) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (3) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; White_2020]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
bud_bank_location (categorical): bud-bearing_root (1) [sources: Moore_2019_2]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.22 mg (1.06-1.38 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 1.96 mm (1.1-2.26 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; GrassBase_2014]
seed_width (numerical): 1.55 mm (1.55-1.55 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019]
seed_shape (categorical): conical (1) [sources: ANBG_2019]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.38 m (0.05-0.55 m) [sources: GrassBase_2014; NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (2) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Mokany_2008	19	67	K. Mokany and J. Ash. “Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?”. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (2008), pp. 119-126. doi: 10.3170/2007-8-18340.
Moore_2019_2	12	55	N. A. Moore, J. S. Camac, and J. W. Morgan. “Effects of drought and fire on resprouting capacity of 52 temperate Australian perennial native grasses”. New Phytologist 221.3 (2018), pp. 1424-1433. doi: 10.1111/nph.15480.
White_2020	18	36	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Vesk_2004	5	17	P. A. Vesk, M. R. Leishman, and M. Westoby. “Simple traits do not predict grazing response in Australian dry shrublands and woodlands”. Journal of Applied Ecology 41.1 (2004), pp. 22-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00857.x.
Metcalfe_2020_2	14	15	D. Metcalfe. “Unpublished data: Traits of Poaceae spp, CSIRO”. 2020.
Williams_2011	10	10	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Cheal_2017	8	8	D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
NHNSW_2023	6	7	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ANBG_2019	6	6	Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
GrassBase_2014	3	6	W. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, and K. H. &. H. Williamson. GrassBase - The online world grass flora. 2006. url: http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html.
RBGV_2023	6	6	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2023	4	5	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
ABRS_2023	4	4	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Draper_2023	3	3	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
NHNSW_2022	3	3	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_2022	3	3	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_2022	3	3	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Kew_2019_6	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
NHNSW_2014_2	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Osborne_2014	1	1	C. Osborne, A. Salomaa, T. Kluyver, V. Visser, E. Kellogg, O. Morrone, M. Vorontsova, W. Clayton, and D. Simpson. “A global database of C4 photosynthesis in grasses”. New Phytologist 204 (2014), pp. 441-446. doi: 10.1111/nph.12942.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.