AusTraits

Epacris impressa

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Family Ericaceae

Taxonomy: Epacris impressa Labill.

Synonyms: 29 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Epacris campanulata DC. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris campanulata G.Lodd. ex Drapiez (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris campanulata G.Lodd. ex Drapiez var. campanulata (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris campanulata Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris ceraeflora Graham (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris ceriflora Graham (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa Labill. f. impressa (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Epacris impressa Labill. var. impressa (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Epacris impressa f. ceraeflora Siebert & Voss (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa f. ceriflora (Graham) Siebert & Voss (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa f. grandiflora (Benth.) Siebert & Voss (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa f. nivalis Siebert & Voss (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa f. ruscifolia (R.Br.) Siebert & Voss (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. campanulata (DC.) Hook.f. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. ceraeflora Rodway (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. ceriflora (Graham) Rodway (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. grandiflora Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. nivea (DC.) Hook.f. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. ovata Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. ruscifolia (R.Br.) Rodway (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris impressa var. ruscifolia Meredith (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris nivalis G.Lodd. ex Lindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris nivalis Graham (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris nivalis Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris nivea DC. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris ruscifolia R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris tomentosa Lindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris variabilis Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Epacris variabilis Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. ex Courtois (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): SA, NSW, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Cheal_2017 (8), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Draper_2023 (3), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (2), McGlone_2015 (6), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2015 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (15), NSWFRD_2014 (8), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (15), Rosell_2014 (8), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (14), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Tng_2013 (5), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2014 (75), White_2020 (57), Williams_2011 (10), Zieminska_2013 (30). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 103 traits from 301 records in 26 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (2) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (3) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): pink (1); white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 3.4 mm (3.3-3.5 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (4) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (4) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): green (1) [sources: SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 14.4 mm2 (6.9-29.61 mm2) [sources: Meers_2007; Mokany_2015; Tng_2013; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 10.38 mm (4-15 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 2.2 mm (0.8-3 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.05 cm (0-0.1 cm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 130.69 g/m2 (103.1-156.54 g/m2) [sources: Meers_2007; Tng_2013; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); lanceolate (3); linear (3); ovate (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); truncate (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1); toothed_serrate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (4) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (10) [sources: McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: Cheal_2017; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (3); spreading (1) [sources: NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (5) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): ericoid_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (3) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): bird (1); insect (4) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (3); zoochory (3) [sources: Draper_2023; Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): invertebrates (3); passive (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yyyyyyyyyyyy (4) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1); persistent (4) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): physiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (4) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 8.75 mg/g (8.41-9.08 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.33 mg/g (0.29-0.36 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.99 {delta}[ppth] (-31.39--24.32 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Tng_2013; Westoby_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.05 mg (0.04-0.09 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Meers_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 0.86 mm (0.86-0.86 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
  • seed_width (numerical): 0.39 mm (0.39-0.39 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.7 mg/mm3 (0.64-0.75 mg/mm3) [sources: Rosell_2014; Tng_2013; Westoby_2014; Zieminska_2013]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 871.89 {count}/mm2 (797.23-920.81 {count}/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2013]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 13.45 um (12.02-14.62 um) [sources: Zieminska_2013]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.12 mm2/mm2 (0.1-0.15 mm2/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2013]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Westoby_20143175S. M. Gleason, D. W. Butler, K. Zieminska, P. Waryszak, and M. Westoby. “Stem xylem conductivity is key to plant water balance across Australian angiosperm species”. Functional Ecology 26 (2012), pp. 343-352. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01962.x.
White_20201957M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Zieminska_20131030K. Ziemińska, D. W. Butler, S. M. Gleason, I. J. Wright, and M. Westoby. “Fibre wall and lumen fractions drive wood density variation across 24 Australian angiosperms”. AoB PLANTS 5 (2013), p. plt046. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plt046.
NHNSW_20231215N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_20231215VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_20231114S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Meers_20071111T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
Williams_20111010R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Cheal_201788D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
NSWFRD_201488B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Rosell_201488J. A. Rosell, S. Gleason, R. Mendez-Alonzo, Y. Chang, and M. Westoby. “Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity”. New Phytologist 201.2 (2014), pp. 486-497. doi: 10.1111/nph.12541.
Jordan_200177G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
Tng_201355D. Y. P. Tng, G. J. Jordan, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. “Plant traits demonstrate that temperate and tropical giant Eucalypt forests are ecologically convergent with rainforest not savanna”. PLoS ONE 8 (2013), p. e84378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084378.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_202244S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Mokany_201511K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.