AusTraits

Epilobium billardiereanum

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Onagraceae

Taxonomy: Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.

Synonyms: 5 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Epilobium billardierianum Ser. (orthographic variant)
  • Epilobium glabellum var. billardiereanum (DC.) Maiden & Betche (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Epilobium glabellum var. billardierianum Maiden & Betche (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Epilobium tetragonum var. billardiereanum (Ser.) H.Lev. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Epilobium tetragonum var. billardierianum H.Lev. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (16), Chen_2017 (4), Draper_2023 (3), Hughes_1992 (4), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_5 (1), Lunt_2012 (1), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2015 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (15), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (22), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Standish_2019 (6), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (10), White_2020 (19), Williams_2005 (5), Wright_2000 (4). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 55 traits from 159 records in 27 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2); resprouts (1) [sources: Meers_2007; Standish_2019; White_2020]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1); pink (1); white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 52.5 mm (30-75 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (4) [sources: Chen_2017; Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (4) [sources: Chen_2017; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wright_2000]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 529.59 mm2 (493.7-565.49 mm2) [sources: Meers_2007; Mokany_2015]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 22.5 mm (5-40 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 9.17 mm (1-18 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Wheeler_2002]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.1 cm (0-0.2 cm) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 49.72 g/m2 (29.74-69.69 g/m2) [sources: Lunt_2012; Meers_2007]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); linear (3); ovate (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (3); opposite (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002; White_2020]
  • life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2005]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002; Williams_2005]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (4); stoloniferous (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; WAH_2022_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (3) [sources: Meers_2007; Standish_2019; White_2020]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Standish_2019]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (6) [sources: Draper_2023; Hughes_1992; Kew_2019_5; Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2005]
  • dispersers (categorical): wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnnny (1); yynnnnnnyyyy (1); yyynnnnnnnyy (1); yyyynnnnnyyy (1) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; WAH_1998; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (2) [sources: Standish_2019; Williams_2005]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1); vegetative (2) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2005]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): stolon (1) [sources: Meers_2007]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.05 mg (0.05-0.05 mg) [sources: Meers_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 0.75 mm (0.2-1.1 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 0.1 mm (0.1-0.1 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
RBGV_20231622VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
White_20201919M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
ABRS_20231216Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_20231215N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Meers_20071111T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
Wheeler_2002810J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
Jordan_200177G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Standish_201966R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Williams_200555N. S. G. Williams, J. W. Morgan, M. J. McDonnell, and M. A. McCarthy. “Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban-rural gradient”. Journal of Ecology 93.6 (2005), pp. 1203-1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01039.x.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Hughes_199244L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wright_200044I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
NHNSW_2014_233Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_198111B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Lunt_201211I. Lunt and J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Trait data from various Morgan and Lunt projects 1990-2012, Charles Sturt & La Trobe University”. 2012.
Mokany_201511K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.