AusTraits

Eucalyptus grandis

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Myrtaceae

Taxonomy: Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill var. grandis (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Eucalyptus saligna var. pallidivalvis R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (17), ATRP_2020 (1), Benwell_2024 (4), Blackman_2019 (18), Bourne_2017 (9), CPBR_2002 (8), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (11), Gallagher_2015 (2), Gross_2005 (4), Ilic_2000 (3), Kew_2019_1 (6), Kew_2019_5 (2), Kew_2019_6 (2), Kooyman_2011 (11), Li_2018 (9), Li_2019 (3), NHNSW_2014_2 (4), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (16), NSWFRD_2014 (4), Ooi_2007 (81), Pickup_2021 (5), Richards_2008 (58), Schulze_2006 (3), Searson_2004 (10), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Stephens_2024 (16), Tng_2013 (6), Togashi_2015 (2), Vlasveld_2018 (6), Warren_2006 (26), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Williams_2012 (3), Wright_2000 (3). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 98 traits from 369 records in 37 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (3); resprouts (2) [sources: Benwell_2024; Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Williams_2012]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (4) [sources: Benwell_2024; Clarke_2015; Pickup_2021; Williams_2012]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Stephens_2024]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 6.62 mm (4-10 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; Stephens_2024]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 5.75 mm (4-8 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; Stephens_2024]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 5.5 mm (4-7 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 3385.03 mm2 (2360-4556.65 mm2) [sources: Tng_2013; Vlasveld_2018; Warren_2006]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 130 mm (40-180 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; CPBR_2002; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; Stephens_2024]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 29.4 mm (15-85 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; CPBR_2002; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; Stephens_2024]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 702.3 mg (688.3-716.3 mg) [sources: Vlasveld_2018]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 1.75 cm (1.5-2 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 122.72 g/m2 (45.87-161.55 g/m2) [sources: Blackman_2019; Li_2018; Richards_2008; Schulze_2006; Tng_2013; Vlasveld_2018; Warren_2006]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.51 g/g (0.45-0.58 g/g) [sources: Warren_2006]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Richards_2008]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; Richards_2008]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Richards_2008]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): tree (10) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; CPBR_2002; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Richards_2008; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (3) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2014_2; Richards_2008]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Richards_2008]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (2) [sources: Kew_2019_5]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnyyyyynnnn (1); nyyyyyyynnnn (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Stephens_2024]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (3) [sources: Benwell_2024; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1) [sources: Pickup_2021]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Ooi_2007]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2); epicormic_buds (2) [sources: Clarke_2015; NSWFRD_2014; Williams_2012]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 16.26 mg/g (12.64-19.8 mg/g) [sources: Richards_2008; Schulze_2006; Warren_2006]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.94 mg/g (0.84-1.1 mg/g) [sources: Richards_2008]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29.24 {delta}[ppth] (-30.08--27.14 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Schulze_2006; Tng_2013; Warren_2006]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.7 mg (0.05-2.68 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Ooi_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 1.68 mm (1-2 mm) [sources: CPBR_2002; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 1.5 mm (1-2 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.55 mg/mm3 (0.35-0.69 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Kooyman_2011; Li_2018; Searson_2004; Tng_2013]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Li_2019; Togashi_2015]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 138.01 {count}/mm2 (97.52-201 {count}/mm2) [sources: Bourne_2017; Searson_2004]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 32.73 um (26.44-36.5 um) [sources: Bourne_2017; Searson_2004]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.12 mm2/mm2 (0.11-0.14 mm2/mm2) [sources: Searson_2004]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 64 m (50-75 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; CPBR_2002; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Ooi_2007281M. K. J. Ooi, P. Myerscough, and T. Auld. “Unpublished data: Longterm seed mass field campaign, University of New South Wales”. 2007.
Richards_20082458A. Richards and I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Transcription of Australian plant functional trait data from Ian Wright's collection of papers, Macquarie University”. 2009.
Warren_20061326C. R. Warren, E. Dreyer, M. Tausz, and M. A. Adams. “Ecotype adaptation and acclimation of leaf traits to rainfall in 29 species of 16-year-old Eucalyptus at two common gardens”. Functional Ecology 20.6 (2006), pp. 929-940. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01198.x.
Blackman_2019818C. J. Blackman, X. Li, B. Choat, P. D. Rymer, M. G. D. Kauwe, R. A. Duursma, D. T. Tissue, and B. E. Medlyn. “Desiccation time during drought is highly predictable across species of Eucalyptus from contrasting climates”. New Phytologist 224.2 (2019), pp. 632-643. doi: 10.1111/nph.16042.
ABRS_20231217Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_20231116N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Stephens_2024916R. E. Stephens, H. Sauquet, B. Laugier, C. Gosper, and R. V. Gallagher. “Eucalypt flower size and colour shaped more by pollination than abiotic environment”. in review (2024).
Cooper_2013911W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_20111011R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Searson_2004510M. J. Searson, D. S. Thomas, K. D. Montagu, and J. P. Conroy. “Wood density and anatomy of water-limited eucalypts”. Tree Physiology 24.11 (2004), pp. 1295-1302. doi: 10.1093/treephys/24.11.1295.
Bourne_201799A. E. Bourne, D. Creek, J. M. R. Peters, D. S. Ellsworth, and B. Choat. “Species climate range influences hydraulic and stomatal traits in Eucalyptus species”. Annals of Botany 120.1 (2017), pp. 123-133. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcx020.
Li_201899X. Li, C. J. Blackman, B. Choat, R. A. Duursma, P. D. Rymer, B. E. Medlyn, and D. T. Tissue. “Tree hydraulic traits are coordinated and strongly linked to climate-of-origin across a rainfall gradient”. Plant, Cell & Environment 41 (2018), pp. 646-660. doi: 10.1111/pce.13129.
CPBR_200258Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research. EUCLID 2.0: Eucalypts of Australia. 2002. url: http://apps.lucidcentral.org/euclid/text/intro/index.html.
Kew_2019_116Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Tng_201366D. Y. P. Tng, G. J. Jordan, and D. M. J. S. Bowman. “Plant traits demonstrate that temperate and tropical giant Eucalypt forests are ecologically convergent with rainforest not savanna”. PLoS ONE 8 (2013), p. e84378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084378.
Vlasveld_201836C. Vlasveld, B. O'Leary, F. Udovicic, and M. Burd. “Leaf heteroblasty in eucalypts: biogeographic evidence of ecological function”. Australian Journal of Botany 66.3 (2018), pp. 191-201. doi: 10.1071/bt17134.
Pickup_202155M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
Benwell_202444A. Benwell. “Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll-rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales”. Australian Journal of Botany 72.1 (2024). Ed. by D. Williams. ISSN: 1444-9862. doi: 10.1071/bt23049.
Gross_200544C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
NHNSW_2014_244Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_201444B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Ilic_200013J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Li_201933X. Li, C. J. Blackman, J. M. R. Peters, B. Choat, P. D. Rymer, B. E. Medlyn, and D. T. Tissue. “More than iso/anisohydry: Hydroscapes integrate plant water use and drought tolerance traits in 10 eucalypt species from contrasting climates”. Functional Ecology 33.6 (2019). Ed. by R. Oliveira, pp. 1035-1049. ISSN: 1365-2435. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13320.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Schulze_200633E. Schulze, N. C. Turner, D. Nicolle, and J. Schumacher. “Species differences in carbon isotope ratios, specific leaf area and nitrogen concentrations in leaves of Eucalyptus growing in a common garden compared with along an aridity gradient”. Physiologia Plantarum 127.3 (2006), pp. 434-444. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00682.x.
Williams_201233P. R. Williams, M. Parsons, R. Jensen, and C. Tran. “Mechanisms of rainforest persistence and recruitment in frequently burnt wet tropical eucalypt forests”. Austral Ecology 37.2 (2012), pp. 268-275. ISSN: 1442-9993. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02271.x.
Wright_200033I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Gallagher_201512R. Gallagher and R. Lanfear. “Unpublished data: Trait campaign with the Royal Botanical Gardens & Macquarie University”. 2015.
Kew_2019_512Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_612Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Togashi_201512H. F. Togashi, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, D. I. Forrester, P. Drake, P. Feikema, K. Brooksbank, D. Eamus, and D. Taylor. “Morphological and moisture availability controls of the leaf area-to-sapwood area ratio: analysis of measurements on Australian trees”. Ecology and Evolution 5.6 (2015), pp. 1263-1270. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1344.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.