AusTraits

Exocarpos cupressiformis

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Santalaceae

Taxonomy: Exocarpos cupressiformis Labill.

Synonyms: 5 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Exocarpos dasystachys Schltdl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Exocarpus communis Miq. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Exocarpus cupressiformis Labill. (orthographic variant)
  • Exocarpus dasystachys Schltdl. (orthographic variant)
  • Xylophyllos cupressiformis (Labill.) Kuntze (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (1), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (8), ANBG_2019 (1), Carey_2003 (3), Cheal_2017 (8), Chen_2017 (4), Clarke_2009 (3), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Doherty_2021 (2), Dong_2017 (8), Draper_2023 (3), Fonseca_2000 (17), Gosper_2004 (2), Hughes_1992 (3), Ilic_2000 (2), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_5 (1), Kubiak_2009 (5), Lee_2019 (23), Leishman_2007 (3), McGlone_2015 (6), Meers_2007 (10), Mokany_2015 (2), Morgan_2011_1 (5), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (6), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (13), NSWFRD_2014 (10), Pickup_2021 (15), Purdie_1976 (5), RBGV_2022 (3), RBGV_2023 (12), Rosell_2014 (8), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (14), Sjostrom_2006 (4), TMAG_2009 (12), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2014 (98), White_2020 (20), Williams_2011 (11), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (20). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 125 traits from 397 records in 47 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2); partial_resprouting (5); resprouts (10) [sources: Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Doherty_2021; Kubiak_2009; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (7); post_fire_recruitment_absent (2) [sources: Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 4.81 mm (4-6.5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 5.12 mm (4-6.5 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 5.12 mm (4-6.5 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): drupe (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): brown (2); green (2) [sources: RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 44.57 mm2 (0.2-108.6 mm2) [sources: Fonseca_2000; Meers_2007; Mokany_2015; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 1.61 mm (0.5-5 mm) [sources: McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 1.29 mm (0.4-2.5 mm) [sources: Fonseca_2000; McGlone_2015; TMAG_2009]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 30 mg (3-55 mg) [sources: Fonseca_2000]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 322.67 g/m2 (40.59-909.09 g/m2) [sources: Dong_2017; Fonseca_2000; Leishman_2007; Meers_2007; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_type (categorical): scale (2) [sources: McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (2); ovate (1); triangular (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023; TMAG_2009]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): cladode (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3) [sources: Munroe_2019; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (10); tree (16) [sources: ABRS_2022; Clarke_2009; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; TMAG_2009; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (3) [sources: Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; Jordan_2001; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; TMAG_2009; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): dense (1) [sources: SAH_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; TMAG_2009]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Dong_2017; Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): hemiparasitic_root (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): hemiparasitic (1); parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (6); zoochory (2) [sources: Draper_2023; Hughes_1992; Kew_2019_5; Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; Purdie_1976; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): birds (2); vertebrates (1) [sources: Draper_2023; Purdie_1976; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnnyyy (1); yyyyynnnnnny (1); yyyyynnnnyyy (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; TMAG_2009; White_2020]
  • serotiny (categorical): not_serotinous (1) [sources: Hughes_1992]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1); transient (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): morphophysiological_dormancy (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2); vegetative (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2014_2; White_2020]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1); root_buds (1) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (1) [sources: NSWFRD_2014]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); basal_stem_buds (4); bud-bearing_root (3); epicormic_buds (3); none (1) [sources: Carey_2003; Clarke_2009; Clarke_2015; Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 14.47 mg/g (11.83-20 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017; Leishman_2007; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 1.21 mg/g (0.96-1.46 mg/g) [sources: Leishman_2007; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -26.81 {delta}[ppth] (-28.76--24.11 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017; Westoby_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 55.69 mg (30-80.06 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Kew_2019_1; Williams_2011]
  • seed_length (numerical): 6 mm (6-6 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
  • seed_width (numerical): 1.8 mm (1.8-1.8 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.64 mg/mm3 (0.58-0.72 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Lee_2019; Rosell_2014; Westoby_2014]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Westoby_2014]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Westoby_20143398S. M. Gleason, D. W. Butler, K. Zieminska, P. Waryszak, and M. Westoby. “Stem xylem conductivity is key to plant water balance across Australian angiosperm species”. Functional Ecology 26 (2012), pp. 343-352. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01962.x.
Lee_2019523M. R. Lee, J. R. Powell, B. Oberle, W. K. Cornwell, M. Lyons, J. L. Rigg, and A. E. Zanne. “Good neighbors aplenty: fungal endophytes rarely exhibit competitive exclusion patterns across a span of woody habitats”. Ecology 100.9 (2019), p. e02790. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2790.
White_20202020M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
eFLOWER_Dun_20221620L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Fonseca_2000517C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Pickup_2021315M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
SAH_2023914S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2023913N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_20231012VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
TMAG_20091012Tasmanian Herbarium. Flora of Tasmania Online. 2009. url: http://www.tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania.
Williams_20111111R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Meers_20071010T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
NSWFRD_2014810B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
ABRS_202378Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Cheal_201788D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Dong_201788N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
Rosell_201488J. A. Rosell, S. Gleason, R. Mendez-Alonzo, Y. Chang, and M. Westoby. “Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity”. New Phytologist 201.2 (2014), pp. 486-497. doi: 10.1111/nph.12541.
Jordan_200177G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
NHNSW_2014_266Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Kubiak_200945P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Morgan_2011_155J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
Purdie_197655R. W. Purdie and R. O. Slatyer. “Vegetation succession after fire in sclerophyll woodland communities in south-eastern Australia”. Australian Journal of Ecology 1 (1976), pp. 223-236.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
SAH_202244S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Carey_200333A. C. &. M. E. &. P. H. &. M. L. &. T. M. &. P. O. &. S. S. &. D. S. &. N. Webb. Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Technical Report No. 17. Environment ACT, 2003. url: https://www.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2539593/17-wildfires-in-the-act-report-on-initial-impacts-on-natural-ecosystems-2003.pdf.
Clarke_200923P. J. Clarke, K. J. E. Knox, M. L. Campbell, and L. M. Copeland. “Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion”. Cunninghamia 11 (2009), pp. 221-239. doi: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4907.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Hughes_199233L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Leishman_200733M. R. Leishman, T. Haslehurst, A. Ares, and Z. Baruch. “Leaf trait relationships of native and invasive plants: community- and global-scale comparisons”. New Phytologist 176.3 (2007), pp. 635-643. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02189.x.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202233VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Doherty_202122M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Gosper_200412C. R. Gosper. “Fruit characteristics of invasive bitou bush, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Asteraceae), and a comparison with co-occurring native plant species”. Australian Journal of Botany 52.2 (2004), pp. 223-230. doi: 10.1071/bt03046.
Ilic_200012J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Mokany_201522K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ABRS_198111B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ANBG_201911Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Kew_2019_511Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.