Ficus variegata

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Family Moraceae

Taxonomy: Ficus variegata Blume

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)

Ficus ehretioides F.Muell. ex Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
Ficus variegata Blume var. variegata (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (15), Apgaua_2017 (12), Bloomfield_2018 (117), Cheesman_2020 (19), Cooper_2013 (11), Gross_2005 (4), Grubb_1996 (2), Ilic_2000 (1), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_5 (1), Kooyman_2011 (10), Metcalfe_2009 (19), Rosell_2014 (8), Rumman_2018 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (3), Weerasinghe_2014 (58), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (1), Zieminska_2015 (36). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 93 traits from 329 records in 21 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): dioecious (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 25 mm (20-30 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
fruit_width (numerical): 25 mm (20-30 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
fruit_type (categorical): syconium (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1); fleshy (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Metcalfe_2009; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (3) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): green (1); red (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 14793.33 mm2 (8070-24000 mm2) [sources: Cheesman_2020; Metcalfe_2009]
leaf_length (numerical): 152.5 mm (110-250 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011]
leaf_width (numerical): 96.25 mm (75-160 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011]
petiole_length (numerical): 9.5 cm (5-14 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 63 g/m2 (35.53-109.1 g/m2) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; Cheesman_2020; Weerasinghe_2014; Zieminska_2015]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.25 g/g (0.17-0.39 g/g) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; Weerasinghe_2014]
leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Rumman_2018]
leaf_shape (categorical): ovate (1); widely_ovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_base_shape (categorical): cordate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): toothed_dentate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (1); tree (9) [sources: ABRS_2022; Apgaua_2017; Cheesman_2020; Cooper_2013; Grubb_1996; Kooyman_2011; Metcalfe_2009; Rumman_2018; Wenk_2022]
life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
life_history (categorical): perennial (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; Metcalfe_2009; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
root_structure (categorical): mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): bee (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (1); zoochory (1) [sources: Kew_2019_5; Metcalfe_2009]
dispersers (categorical): bats (1); birds (1); cassowaries (1) [sources: Cooper_2013]
seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): short_persistent (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 29.39 mg/g (15.05-43.66 mg/g) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; Cheesman_2020; Weerasinghe_2014]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 2.78 mg/g (0.78-5.1 mg/g) [sources: Bloomfield_2018; Weerasinghe_2014]
leaf_delta13C (numerical): -28.17 {delta}[ppth] (-29.21--25.78 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Apgaua_2017; Cheesman_2020; Rumman_2018]

physiology

leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_area_maximum (numerical): 23.4 umol{CO2}/m2/s (19.97-27.88 umol{CO2}/m2/s) [sources: Bloomfield_2018]
leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_dry_mass_maximum (numerical): 0.44 umol{CO2}/g/s (0.25-0.61 umol{CO2}/g/s) [sources: Bloomfield_2018]
leaf_stomatal_conductance_per_area_at_Amax (numerical): 177.1 mmol{H2O}/m2/s (99-339.2 mmol{H2O}/m2/s) [sources: Bloomfield_2018]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.42 mg (0.31-0.47 mg) [sources: Grubb_1996; Kew_2019_1; Metcalfe_2009]
seed_length (numerical): 1 mm (1-1 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
seed_width (numerical): 1 mm (1-1 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.37 mg/mm3 (0.28-0.42 mg/mm3) [sources: Apgaua_2017; Ilic_2000; Metcalfe_2009; Rosell_2014; Zieminska_2015]
huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Zieminska_2015]
stem_vessel_density (numerical): 24.27 {count}/mm2 (3.91-56.6 {count}/mm2) [sources: Apgaua_2017; Zieminska_2015]
stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 106.17 um (57.82-149.48 um) [sources: Apgaua_2017; Zieminska_2015]
stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.1 mm2/mm2 (0.07-0.16 mm2/mm2) [sources: Apgaua_2017; Zieminska_2015]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 25 m (20-30 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Bloomfield_2018	24	117	K. J. Bloomfield, L. A. Cernusak, D. Eamus, D. S. Ellsworth, I. C. Prentice, I. J. Wright, M. M. Boer, M. G. Bradford, P. Cale, J. Cleverly, J. J. G. Egerton, B. J. Evans, L. S. Hayes, M. F. Hutchinson, M. J. Liddell, C. Macfarlane, W. S. Meyer, S. M. Prober, H. F. Togashi, T. Wardlaw, L. Zhu, and O. K. Atkin. “A continental-scale assessment of variability in leaf traits: Within species, across sites and between seasons”. Functional Ecology 32.6 (2018), pp. 1492-1506. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13097.
Weerasinghe_2014	12	58	L. K. Weerasinghe, D. Creek, K. Y. Crous, S. Xiang, M. J. Liddell, M. H. Turnbull, and O. K. Atkin. “Canopy position affects the relationships between leaf respiration and associated traits in a tropical rainforest in Far North Queensland”. Tree Physiology 34.6 (2014), pp. 564-584. doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpu016.
Zieminska_2015	12	36	K. Ziemińska, M. Westoby, and I. J. Wright. “Broad anatomical variation within a narrow wood density range - A study of twig wood across 69 Australian Angiosperms”. PLOS ONE 10.4 (2015), p. e0124892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124892.
Cheesman_2020	12	19	A. W. Cheesman, H. Duff, K. Hill, L. A. Cernusak, and F. A. McInerney. “Isotopic and morphologic proxies for reconstructing light environment and leaf function of fossil leaves: A modern calibration in the Daintree Rainforest, Australia”. American Journal of Botany 107 (2020), pp. 1165-1176. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1523.
Metcalfe_2009	19	19	E. Laliberte, J. A. Wells, F. DeClerck, D. J. Metcalfe, C. P. Catterall, C. Queiroz, I. Aubin, S. P. Bonser, Y. Ding, J. M. Fraterrigo, S. McNamara, J. W. Morgan, D. S. Merlos, P. A. Vesk, and M. M. Mayfield. “Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities”. Ecology Letters 13.1 (2010), pp. 76-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01403.x.
ABRS_2023	12	15	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Apgaua_2017	11	12	D. M. G. Apgaua, D. Y. P. Tng, L. A. Cernusak, A. W. Cheesman, R. M. Santos, W. J. Edwards, and S. G. W. Laurance. “Plant functional groups within a tropical forest exhibit different wood functional anatomy”. Functional Ecology 31.3 (2017), pp. 582-591. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12787.
Cooper_2013	9	11	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_2011	8	10	R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Rosell_2014	8	8	J. A. Rosell, S. Gleason, R. Mendez-Alonzo, Y. Chang, and M. Westoby. “Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity”. New Phytologist 201.2 (2014), pp. 486-497. doi: 10.1111/nph.12541.
Gross_2005	4	4	C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
Rumman_2018	4	4	R. Rumman, O. K. Atkin, K. J. Bloomfield, and D. Eamus. “Variation in bulk-leaf 13C discrimination, leaf traits and wateruse efficiency-trait relationships along a continental-scale climate gradient in Australia”. Global Change Biology 24 (2018), pp. 1186-1200. doi: 10.1111/gcb.13911.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Sjostrom_2006	3	3	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Grubb_1996	2	2	P. J. Grubb and D. J. Metcalfe. “Adaptation and inertia in the Australian tropical lowland rain-forest flora: Contradictory trends in intergeneric and intrageneric comparisons of seed size in relation to light demand”. Functional Ecology 10 (1996), pp. 512-520. doi: 10.2307/2389944.
Kew_2019_1	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Ilic_2000	1	1	J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Kew_2019_5	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed dispersal data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Wright_2000	1	1	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.