Gmelina leichhardtii

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Family Lamiaceae

Taxonomy: Gmelina leichhardtii (F.Muell.) Benth.

Synonyms: 3 (APC 2026-07-30)

Tectona australis W.Hill (taxonomic synonym)
Vitex leichhardtii F.Muell. (nomenclatural synonym)
Vitex leichhardtii F.Muell. var. leichhardtii (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): Qld, NSW

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ATRP_2020 (1), Butler_2004 (5), Clarke_2015 (3), Cooper_2013 (15), Ilic_2000 (3), Kooyman_2011 (14), NHNSW_2014_2 (3), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (19), RadfordSmith_2024 (45), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Stewart_1995 (8), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (3), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (17). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 68 traits from 146 records in 16 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): blue_purple (1); white_cream (1); yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 17.5 mm (15-20 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
fruit_width (numerical): 17.5 mm (15-20 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 17.5 mm (15-20 mm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): drupe (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): blue (1); purple (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 5392.93 mm2 (3403.42-7829.8 mm2) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
leaf_length (numerical): 140 mm (80-200 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 75 mm (50-100 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 645.55 mg (380.12-897.1 mg) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
petiole_length (numerical): 3.25 cm (1.5-5 cm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 119.14 g/m2 (110.36-129.99 g/m2) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.43 g/g (0.39-0.46 g/g) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (1) [sources: Stewart_1995]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); ovate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_base_shape (categorical): cuneate (1); rounded (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1); toothed (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_arrangement (categorical): decussate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Stewart_1995]
plant_growth_form (categorical): tree (7) [sources: ATRP_2020; Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2022; Stewart_1995; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): deciduous (2); semi_deciduous (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024; Stewart_1995]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Stewart_1995]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (2) [sources: Butler_2004; RadfordSmith_2024]
dispersers (categorical): birds (1); vertebrates (1) [sources: Butler_2004; Cooper_2013]
flowering_time (categorical): ynnnnnnnnnyy (2) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2014_2]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.53 {delta}[ppth] (-27.54--27.52 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Stewart_1995]

seed morphology

seed_length (numerical): 14.25 mm (12-15 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
seed_width (numerical): 9 mm (7-12 mm) [sources: Butler_2004; Kooyman_2011]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.49 mg/mm3 (0.47-0.64 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000; Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 38.33 m (30-45 m) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
RadfordSmith_2024	14	45	J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
NHNSW_2023	14	19	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
eFLOWER_Dun_2022	16	17	L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Cooper_2013	12	15	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_2011	10	14	R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Stewart_1995	6	8	G. Stewart, M. Turnbull, S. Schmidt, and P. Erskine. “13C natural abundance in plant communities along a rainfall gradient: a biological integrator of water availability”. Functional Plant Biology 22.1 (1995), pp. 51-55. doi: 10.1071/pp9950051.
Butler_2004	5	5	D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Ilic_2000	1	3	J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
NHNSW_2014_2	3	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2022	3	3	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wright_2000	3	3	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_2020	1	1	F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.