AusTraits

Gonocarpus tetragynus

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Haloragaceae

Taxonomy: Gonocarpus tetragynus Labill.

Synonyms: 21 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Goniocarpus tetragynus DC. (orthographic variant)
  • Gonocarpus tenellus DC. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Gonocarpus tetragyna Labill. (orthographic variant)
  • Haloragis gonocarpus Spreng. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Haloragis rubra Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna (Labill.) Hook.f. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna (Labill.) Hook.f. var. tetragyna (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna var. bicallosa Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna var. decumbens Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna var. genuina Schindl. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna var. hispida Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna var. lanceolata Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Haloragis tetragyna var. serrata Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Halorrhagis rubra Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Halorrhagis tetragyna Schindl. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Halorrhagis tetragyna var. bicallosa Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Halorrhagis tetragyna var. decumbens Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Halorrhagis tetragyna var. genuina Schindl. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Halorrhagis tetragyna var. hispida Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Halorrhagis tetragyna var. lanceolata Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Halorrhagis tetragyna var. serrata Schindl. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (14), ANBG_2019 (7), Angevin_2011 (6), Benwell_2024 (4), Carey_2003 (3), Cheal_2017 (9), Chen_2017 (4), Cross_2009 (4), Doherty_2021 (2), Draper_2023 (6), Hughes_1992 (2), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (1), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2008 (42), Mokany_2015 (1), Morgan_2011_1 (5), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (2), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (14), NSWFRD_2014 (11), Pickup_2021 (30), Purdie_1976 (5), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (16), SAH_2014 (2), SAH_2022 (4), SAH_2023 (10), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Taseski_2021 (169), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (20), Williams_2005 (4), Williams_2011 (9), Wright_2000 (5). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 79 traits from 449 records in 38 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2); partial_resprouting (6); resprouts (7) [sources: Benwell_2024; Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; Doherty_2021; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (10); post_fire_recruitment_absent (2) [sources: Benwell_2024; Carey_2003; Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Purdie_1976]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): green (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 1.18 mm (1-1.5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): nut (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): grey (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 42.41 mm2 (15.8-94.6 mm2) [sources: Angevin_2011; Meers_2007; Mokany_2008; Mokany_2015; Taseski_2021]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 10.5 mm (4-19 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 4.26 mm (2-7 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 3.13 mg (0.8-6.8 mg) [sources: Mokany_2008; Taseski_2021]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.08 cm (0.05-0.1 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 84.49 g/m2 (45.23-121.09 g/m2) [sources: Angevin_2011; Cross_2009; Meers_2007; Mokany_2008; Taseski_2021]
  • leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.29 g/g (0.24-0.36 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.28 g/g (0.16-0.4 g/g) [sources: Angevin_2011; Mokany_2008; Taseski_2021]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): lanceolate (4); narrowly_elliptical (1); ovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): toothed (2); toothed_serrate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): decussate (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 61.5 deg (57-66 deg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (4) [sources: Mokany_2008; Munroe_2019; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (15); shrub (1); subshrub (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Angevin_2011; Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): chamaephyte (4); geophyte (2) [sources: Cheal_2017; Meers_2007; Mokany_2008; Morgan_2011_1; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (9); short_lived_perennial (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; Cross_2009; Jordan_2001; Morgan_2011_1; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2023; Williams_2005]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (5); woody_base (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): decumbent (4); erect (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Angevin_2011; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Meers_2007; Mokany_2008; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (1); wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (2); barochory (2); hydrochory (1); undefined (2); zoochory (1) [sources: Angevin_2011; Draper_2023; Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • dispersers (categorical): invertebrates (1); water (1); wind (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): ynnnnnnnyyyy (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (9) [sources: Benwell_2024; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Williams_2005]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (1); persistent (8) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (2); vegetative (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Morgan_2011_1; White_2020; Williams_2005]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): adventitious_roots (1); root_buds (1) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (1); bud-bearing_root (2) [sources: Carey_2003; Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.45 mg (0.03-0.85 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Cross_2009; Kew_2019_1; Meers_2007]
  • seed_length (numerical): 1.58 mm (1.2-1.95 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001]
  • seed_width (numerical): 0.99 mm (0.98-1 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jordan_2001]
  • seed_shape (categorical): comma-shaped (1) [sources: ANBG_2019]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Taseski_20219169G. M. Taseski, D. A. Keith, R. L. Dalrymple, and W. K. Cornwell. “Shifts in fine root traits within and among species along a fine-scale hydrological gradient”. Annals of Botany 127.4 (2021), pp. 473-481. ISSN: 1095-8290. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa175.
Mokany_20081942K. Mokany and J. Ash. “Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?”. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (2008), pp. 119-126. doi: 10.3170/2007-8-18340.
Pickup_2021530M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
White_20202020M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
RBGV_20231116VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231014Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_20231014N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Meers_20071111T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
NSWFRD_2014911B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
SAH_2023810S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Cheal_201799D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Williams_201199R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
ANBG_201947Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Jordan_200177G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Angevin_201166T. Angevin. “Species richness and functional trait diversity response to land use in a temperate eucalypt woodland community”. Honours. La Trobe University, 2011.
Draper_202336J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Morgan_2011_155J. Morgan. “Unpublished data: Grassy woodland traits, La Trobe University”. 2011.
Purdie_197645R. W. Purdie and R. O. Slatyer. “Vegetation succession after fire in sclerophyll woodland communities in south-eastern Australia”. Australian Journal of Ecology 1 (1976), pp. 223-236.
Wright_200055I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Benwell_202444A. Benwell. “Fire responses of flora in a sclerophyll-rainforest vegetation complex in the Nightcap Range, North Coast, New South Wales”. Australian Journal of Botany 72.1 (2024). Ed. by D. Williams. ISSN: 1444-9862. doi: 10.1071/bt23049.
Chen_201744Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Cross_200944E. Cross. “The characteristics of natives and invaders: A trait-based investigation into the theory of limiting similarity.”. Honours. La Trobe University, 2009.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_202244S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Williams_200544N. S. G. Williams, J. W. Morgan, M. J. McDonnell, and M. A. McCarthy. “Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban-rural gradient”. Journal of Ecology 93.6 (2005), pp. 1203-1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01039.x.
Carey_200333A. C. &. M. E. &. P. H. &. M. L. &. T. M. &. P. O. &. S. S. &. D. S. &. N. Webb. Wildfires in the ACT 2003: Report on Initial Impacts on Natural Ecosystems. Technical Report No. 17. Environment ACT, 2003. url: https://www.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/2539593/17-wildfires-in-the-act-report-on-initial-impacts-on-natural-ecosystems-2003.pdf.
Doherty_202122M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Hughes_199222L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
NHNSW_2014_222Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_201412J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Mokany_201511K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.