AusTraits

Grevillea parallela

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Grevillea parallela Knight

Synonyms: 10 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Grevillea angustata R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea ceratophylla R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea heteroneura W.Fitzg. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea muelleriana H.Buek (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea polybotrya F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea polystachya R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea polystachya R.Br. var. polystachya (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea polystachya var. hebestachya Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillea refracta var. ceratophylla (R.Br.) Benth. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Grevillia parallela Knight (orthographic variant)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (2), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (14), Brock_1993 (10), Chen_2017 (5), Clarke_2015 (6), Dong_2017 (8), Draper_2023 (3), Jordan_2020 (3), Munroe_2019 (1), NTH_2014 (4), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (14), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2014 (54), Wright_2000 (1), Zieminska_2013 (30), Zieminska_2015 (34). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 85 traits from 212 records in 24 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (3) [sources: Clarke_2015; RussellSmith_2012]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (1); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 21.25 mm (14-29 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Chen_2017; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 1001 mm2 (782-1220 mm2) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 275 mm (100-400 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 5.75 mm (1.5-10 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 238.06 g/m2 (196.21-320.8 g/m2) [sources: Dong_2017; Westoby_2014; Zieminska_2015]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): linear (3); triangular (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): revolute (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (2); unlobed (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2014]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (2); tree (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; Jordan_2020; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Brock_1993; NTH_2014]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Dong_2017]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): bird (1); insect (1); mammal (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1); myrmecochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
  • dispersers (categorical): ants (1); passive (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnyyyyynn (3); nnnnyyynnnnn (1); nnnyyyyyyynn (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Brock_1993; Chen_2017; NTH_2014; WAH_1998]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (1); epicormic_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 8.46 mg/g (8.17-8.74 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017; Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.43 mg/g (0.43-0.43 mg/g) [sources: Westoby_2014]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -27.14 {delta}[ppth] (-27.39--26.88 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017; Westoby_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_length (numerical): 17 mm (17-17 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 17 mm (17-17 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
  • seed_shape (categorical): orbicular (1); winged (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.63 mg/mm3 (0.55-0.67 mg/mm3) [sources: Westoby_2014; Zieminska_2013; Zieminska_2015]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Westoby_2014; Zieminska_2015]
  • stem_vessel_density (numerical): 83.78 {count}/mm2 (65.26-147.64 {count}/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2013; Zieminska_2015]
  • stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 44.22 um (36.53-48.38 um) [sources: Zieminska_2013; Zieminska_2015]
  • stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.12 mm2/mm2 (0.11-0.15 mm2/mm2) [sources: Zieminska_2013; Zieminska_2015]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 6.44 m (2.5-15 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Westoby_20143454S. M. Gleason, D. W. Butler, K. Zieminska, P. Waryszak, and M. Westoby. “Stem xylem conductivity is key to plant water balance across Australian angiosperm species”. Functional Ecology 26 (2012), pp. 343-352. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01962.x.
Zieminska_20151234K. Ziemińska, M. Westoby, and I. J. Wright. “Broad anatomical variation within a narrow wood density range - A study of twig wood across 69 Australian Angiosperms”. PLOS ONE 10.4 (2015), p. e0124892. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124892.
Zieminska_20131030K. Ziemińska, D. W. Butler, S. M. Gleason, I. J. Wright, and M. Westoby. “Fibre wall and lumen fractions drive wood density variation across 24 Australian angiosperms”. AoB PLANTS 5 (2013), p. plt046. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plt046.
ABRS_20231014Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NTH_20231314D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Brock_1993810J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
Dong_201788N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
Clarke_201536P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
NTH_201444Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Jordan_202033G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
NTH_202233D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_198122B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Wright_200011I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.