Hakea arborescens

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Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Hakea arborescens R.Br.

Synonyms: none listed in the APC 2026-07-30

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (3), ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (20), Brock_1993 (12), Chen_2017 (5), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Crowley_2007 (1), Dong_2017 (8), Jordan_2020 (3), Kew_2019_1 (1), Munroe_2019 (1), NTH_2014 (4), NTH_2022 (3), NTH_2023 (16), Nano_2011 (3), Rice_1991 (1), Richards_2008 (4), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Schulze_1998 (7), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Soper_2014 (23), Sweedman_2006 (2), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Yang_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 48 traits from 142 records in 29 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (5) [sources: Clarke_2015; Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012; Yang_2023]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment_absent (2) [sources: Clarke_2015; Nano_2011]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 42.75 mm (28-58 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 21.5 mm (14-30 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: Chen_2017; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 117.5 mm (50-185 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 7 mm (1-13 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 381.48 g/m2 (357.14-401.61 g/m2) [sources: Dong_2017; Richards_2008; Schulze_1998]
leaf_shape (categorical): linear (3); narrowly_elliptical (2); narrowly_oblanceolate (1); narrowly_obovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NTH_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Brock_1993; NTH_2014]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (3); tree (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; NTH_2022; Rice_1991; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; Jordan_2020; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (4) [sources: ABRS_1981; Brock_1993; NTH_2014; Schulze_1998]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (3) [sources: Dong_2017; Richards_2008; Schulze_1998]
flowering_time (categorical): yyynnnnnnnyy (1); yyyyyynnnnnn (3); yyyyyyynnnnn (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Brock_1993; Chen_2017; NTH_2014; WAH_1998]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
bud_bank_location (categorical): epicormic_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 6.65 mg/g (5.62-7.71 mg/g) [sources: Dong_2017; Richards_2008; Schulze_1998; Soper_2014]
leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29 {delta}[ppth] (-31.33--26.5 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Dong_2017; Schulze_1998; Soper_2014]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 73.51 mg (73.51-73.51 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 20.25 mm (10-35 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 10.5 mm (7.5-13.5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1); winged (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 5.1 m (2-8 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NTH_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Soper_2014	6	23	F. M. Soper, A. E. Richards, I. Siddique, M. P. M. Aidar, G. D. Cook, L. B. Hutley, N. Robinson, and S. Schmidt. “Natural abundance (delta15N) indicates shifts in nitrogen relations of woody taxa along a savanna-woodland continental rainfall gradient”. Oecologia 178.1 (2014), pp. 297-308. doi: 10.1007/s00442-014-3176-3.
ABRS_2023	11	20	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NTH_2023	11	16	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Brock_1993	9	12	J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
Dong_2017	8	8	N. Dong, I. C. Prentice, B. J. Evans, S. Caddy-Retalic, A. J. Lowe, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf nitrogen from first principles: field evidence for adaptive variation with climate”. Biogeosciences 14.2 (2017), pp. 481-495. doi: 10.5194/bg-14-481-2017.
Schulze_1998	7	7	E. -. Schulze, R. J. Williams, G. D. Farquhar, W. Schulze, J. Langridge, J. M. Miller, and B. H. Walker. “Carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination and nitrogen nutrition of trees along a rainfall gradient in northern Australia”. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25.4 (1998), pp. 413-425. doi: 10.1071/PP97113.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
NTH_2014	4	4	Northern Territory Herbarium. Flora of the Darwin Region Online. 2014. url: http://www.lrm.nt.gov.au/plants-and-animals/herbarium/darwin_flora_online.
Richards_2008	4	4	A. Richards and I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Transcription of Australian plant functional trait data from Ian Wright's collection of papers, Macquarie University”. 2009.
RussellSmith_2012	4	4	J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_1981	3	3	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Jordan_2020	3	3	G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
NTH_2022	3	3	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Nano_2011	2	3	C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Sweedman_2006	2	2	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Crowley_2007	1	1	G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_2019	1	1	S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
Rice_1991	1	1	B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Growth form of Kakadu plant species, Macquarie University”. 1991.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Yang_2023	1	1	S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.