AusTraits

Hakea dactyloides

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Hakea dactyloides (Gaertn.) Cav.

Synonyms: 16 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Banksia dactyloides Gaertn. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Banksia oleaefolia Dryand. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Banksia oleifolia Salisb. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Conchium dactyloides (Gaertn.) Sm. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Conchium dactyloides (Gaertn.) Vent. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Conchium nervosum C.F.Gaertn. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Conchium nervosum Donn (taxonomic synonym)
  • Conchium nervosum Sm. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Conchium nervosum Sm. ex Willd. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hakea dactyloides (Gaertn.) Cav. var. dactyloides (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hakea dactyloides var. angustifolia Meisn. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hakea dactyloides var. latifolia Meisn. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Hakea dactyloides var. β R.Br. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hakea incrassans Gand. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hakea leucopoda Gand. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hakea nervosa Knight (taxonomic synonym)
Misapplied names: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Hakea ferruginea Sweet (misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), NSW, Vic

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (3), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (17), ANBG_2019 (4), Bragg_2002 (1), Cheal_2017 (8), Chen_2017 (5), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Cunningham_1999 (16), Duncan_1998 (14), Falster_2003 (3), Fonseca_2000 (5), Grootemaat_2015 (225), Grootemaat_2017_2 (26), Hughes_1992 (5), Jagdish_2020 (20), Jordan_2020 (9), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_6 (3), Kubiak_2009 (6), Leishman_1993 (1), Leishman_1995 (7), Leishman_2007 (3), McGlone_2015 (6), Moles_2000 (3), Morgan_2005 (5), NHNSW_2014_2 (6), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (18), NSWFRD_2014 (12), Niinemets_2009 (74), Onoda_2010 (35), Ooi_2007 (61), Pickup_2002 (16), Pickup_2021 (5), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (20), Schmidt_1993 (1), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Tsujii_2023 (8), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Westoby_2003 (5), White_2020 (60), Wright_2001 (2), Wright_2002 (83), Wright_2009 (39), Yang_2023 (6), Zanne_2007 (24). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 170 traits from 894 records in 50 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (4); resprouts (5) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Kubiak_2009; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (5) [sources: Cheal_2017; Clarke_2015; Pickup_2021; Yang_2023]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 28.33 mm (20-35 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 18.83 mm (15-23 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (4) [sources: Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (4) [sources: Chen_2017; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 1096.24 mm2 (462.1-2970 mm2) [sources: Bragg_2002; Duncan_1998; Falster_2003; Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015; Leishman_1995; Moles_2000; Morgan_2005; Niinemets_2009; Westoby_2003; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 95.08 mm (39-130 mm) [sources: Grootemaat_2015; McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 19.25 mm (5-39 mm) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015; McGlone_2015; ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 334.97 mg (210-853 mg) [sources: Duncan_1998; Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 0.35 cm (0.2-0.5 cm) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 270.2 g/m2 (146.63-370.37 g/m2) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Duncan_1998; Fonseca_2000; Grootemaat_2015; Leishman_1995; Leishman_2007; Moles_2000; Morgan_2005; Niinemets_2009; Tsujii_2023; Westoby_2003; Wright_2002; Zanne_2007]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.61 g/g (0.57-0.64 g/g) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Duncan_1998]
  • leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.68 g/g (0.68-0.68 g/g) [sources: Grootemaat_2015]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): falcate (2); lanceolate (1); linear (3); narrowly_elliptical (2); narrowly_obovate (2); oblanceolate (1); obovate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): attenuate (1); cuneate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; Jordan_2020; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Jordan_2020]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (6) [sources: ABRS_1981; Falster_2003; Jordan_2020; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (2) [sources: Jordan_2020; Moles_2000]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 60.6 deg (60.6-60.6 deg) [sources: Falster_2003]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (5) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Duncan_1998; White_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (13); tree (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; Fonseca_2000; Hughes_1992; Leishman_1995; McGlone_2015; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Cheal_2017; Jordan_2020; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): bushy (2); erect (2); prostrate (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2014_2; RBGV_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Cunningham_1999]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Cunningham_1999; White_2020]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Schmidt_1993]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (3) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (3); vertebrate (3) [sources: White_2020]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (6); barochory (1) [sources: Hughes_1992; Leishman_1995; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • dispersers (categorical): wind (5) [sources: Leishman_1995; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnyyn (3); nnnnnnnnyyyn (1); nnnnnnnnyyyy (4) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (4) [sources: NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; Yang_2023]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (4) [sources: Hughes_1992; NSWFRD_2014; Yang_2023]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): long_persistent (2); persistent (1); transient (3) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (2) [sources: Collette_2021; Ooi_2007]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (3) [sources: White_2020]
  • storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (1) [sources: Clarke_2015]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 6.3 mg/g (3.6-10.8 mg/g) [sources: Cunningham_1999; Grootemaat_2017_2; Leishman_2007; Niinemets_2009; Tsujii_2023; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.26 mg/g (0.15-0.6 mg/g) [sources: Grootemaat_2017_2; Leishman_2007; Niinemets_2009; Tsujii_2023; Wright_2002]
  • leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29.62 {delta}[ppth] (-30.12--28.94 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Niinemets_2009; Wright_2002]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 19.69 mg (6.8-32.7 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Jagdish_2020; Kew_2019_1; Leishman_1993; Leishman_1995; Ooi_2007; Wright_2001]
  • seed_length (numerical): 20.5 mm (18-23 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ellipsoid (1); ovoid (2); winged (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; ANBG_2019; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.7 mg/mm3 (0.56-0.84 mg/mm3) [sources: Morgan_2005; Onoda_2010; Pickup_2002; Zanne_2007]
  • huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Zanne_2007]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Grootemaat_201517225S. Grootemaat, I. J. Wright, P. M. Bodegom, J. H. C. Cornelissen, and W. K. Cornwell. “Burn or rot: leaf traits explain why flammability and decomposability are decoupled across species”. Functional Ecology 29.11 (2015), pp. 1486-1497. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12449.
Wright_20023483I. J. Wright and M. Westoby. “Leaves at low versus high rainfall: Coordination of structure, lifespan and physiology”. New Phytologist 155 (2002), pp. 403-416. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00479.x.
Niinemets_20092674Ü. Niinemets, I. J. Wright, and J. R. Evans. “Leaf mesophyll diffusion conductance in 35 Australian sclerophylls covering a broad range of foliage structural and physiological variation”. Journal of Experimental Botany 60 (2009), pp. 2433-2449. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp045.
Ooi_2007261M. K. J. Ooi, P. Myerscough, and T. Auld. “Unpublished data: Longterm seed mass field campaign, University of New South Wales”. 2007.
White_20202060M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Wright_20091339I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Leaf pigment and reflectance data for sclerophylls, Macquarie University”. 2009.
Onoda_2010735Y. Onoda, A. E. Richards, and M. Westoby. “The relationship between stem biomechanics and wood density is modified by rainfall in 32 Australian woody plant species”. New Phytologist 185.2 (2009), pp. 493-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03088.x.
Grootemaat_2017_2726S. Grootemaat, I. J. Wright, P. M. van Bodegom, and J. H. C. Cornelissen. “Scaling up flammability from individual leaves to fuel beds”. Oikos 126.10 (2017), pp. 1428-1438. doi: 10.1111/oik.03886.
Zanne_2007624A. Zanne. “Unpublished data: Hydraulic traits for NSW plant species from four field sites, Macquarie University”. 2007.
Jagdish_2020220A. Jagdish. “Unpublished data: Germination photoperiod sensitivity of Australian Plants, University of New South Wales”. 2020.
RBGV_20231420VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
NHNSW_20231218N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231117Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Cunningham_19991616S. A. Cunningham, B. Summerhayes, and M. Westoby. “Evolutionary divergences in leaf structure and chemistry, comparing rainfall and soil nutrient gradients”. Ecological Monographs 69 (1999), pp. 569-588. doi: [10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0569:EDILSA]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1890%2F0012-9615%281999%29069%5B0569%3AEDILSA%5D2.0.CO%3B2).
Pickup_2002116M. Pickup. “Unpublished data: Wood density data from Kuring-gai National Park, Macquarie University”. 2002.
Duncan_19981414D. H. Duncan. “Unpublished data: Structural basis of variation in leaf mass per area in three plant clades, Macquarie University”. 1998.
NSWFRD_20141012B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
Jordan_202099G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Cheal_201788D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Tsujii_202388Y. Tsujii, B. J. Atwell, H. Lambers, and I. J. Wright. “Leaf phosphorus fractions vary with leaf economic traits among 35 Australian woody species”. New Phytologist 241.5 (2024), pp. 1985-1997. ISSN: 1469-8137. doi: 10.1111/nph.19513.
Leishman_199577M. R. Leishman, M. Westoby, and E. Jurado. “Correlates of seed size variation: A comparison among five temperate floras”. Journal of Ecology 83 (1995), pp. 517-529. doi: 10.2307/2261604.
Kubiak_200956P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
McGlone_201566M. S. McGlone, S. J. Richardson, G. J. Jordan, and G. L. Perry. “Is there a `suboptimal' woody species height? A response to Scheffer et al.”. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 30.1 (2015), pp. 4-5. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.007.
NHNSW_2014_266Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Yang_202336S. Yang. “Unpublished data: Fire response traits scored from national and state floras and the taxonomic literature, University of New South Wales”. 2023.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
Fonseca_200055C. R. Fonseca, J. M. Overton, B. Collins, and M. Westoby. “Shifts in trait-combinations along rainfall and phosphorus gradients”. Journal of Ecology 88 (2000), pp. 964-977. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00506.x.
Hughes_199255L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Morgan_200555H. Morgan. “Root system architecture, water use and rainfall responses of perennial species”. PhD. Macquarie University, 2005.
Pickup_202155M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
Westoby_200355M. Westoby and I. J. Wright. “The leaf size - twig size spectrum and its relationship to other important spectra of variation among species”. Oecologia 135 (2003), pp. 621-628. doi: 10.1007/s00442-003-1231-6.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
ANBG_201944Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_198133B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Clarke_201533P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Falster_200333D. S. Falster and M. Westoby. “Leaf size and angle vary widely across species: what consequences for light interception?”. New Phytologist 158.3 (2003), pp. 509-525. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00765.x.
Kew_2019_613Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Leishman_200733M. R. Leishman, T. Haslehurst, A. Ares, and Z. Baruch. “Leaf trait relationships of native and invasive plants: community- and global-scale comparisons”. New Phytologist 176.3 (2007), pp. 635-643. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02189.x.
Moles_200033A. T. Moles and M. Westoby. “Do small leaves expand faster than large leaves, and do shorter expansion times reduce herbivore damage?”. OIKOS 90.3 (2000), pp. 517-524. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900310.x..
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Wright_200122I. J. Wright. “Unpublished data: Seed mass reserve data for various species in NSW, Macquarie University”. 2001.
Bragg_200211J. G. Bragg and M. Westoby. “Leaf size and foraging for light in a sclerophyll woodland”. Functional Ecology 16 (2002), pp. 633-639. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00661.x.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Leishman_199311M. Leishman. “Unpublished data: Seed mass data for Sydney species, Macquarie University”. 1990.
Schmidt_199311S. Schmidt. “Unpublished data: Compilation of mycorrhizal status data, University of Queensland”. 1993.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.