Hakea erinacea

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Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Hakea erinacea Meisn.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Hakea erinacea Meisn. var. erinacea (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (4), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (15), Chen_2017 (5), Collette_2021 (1), Groom_1997 (9), Groom_2010 (4), Hanley_2002 (7), Jordan_2020 (7), Kew_2019_1 (2), Lamont_2002 (6), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), Tsakalos_2020 (16), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 52 traits from 97 records in 19 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (2) [sources: Groom_1997; Groom_2010]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_dry_mass (numerical): 86.3 mg (86.3-86.3 mg) [sources: Groom_1997]
fruit_length (numerical): 19.55 mm (17-20.6 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 5.4 mm (5-6 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): follicle (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Tsakalos_2020]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): white (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 104.4 mm2 (104.4-104.4 mm2) [sources: Lamont_2002]
leaf_length (numerical): 12 mm (8-16 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 1.1 mm (0.9-1.3 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 200.23 g/m2 (189.04-211.42 g/m2) [sources: Hanley_2002; Lamont_2002]
leaf_type (categorical): needle (2) [sources: Hanley_2002; Lamont_2002]
leaf_shape (categorical): terete (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Jordan_2020]
leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed_deep (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (2); simple (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_glaucousness (categorical): not_glaucous (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; Tsakalos_2020]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; Jordan_2020; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (2); open (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: Groom_1997]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnyyyyyyyn (3); nyyyyyyyyynn (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_1998]
serotiny (categorical): serotiny_low (2) [sources: Groom_1997; Groom_2010]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
bud_bank_location (categorical): none (1) [sources: Groom_1997]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 5.26 mg/g (4.63-5.9 mg/g) [sources: Hanley_2002; Lamont_2002]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.59 mg/g (0.59-0.59 mg/g) [sources: Lamont_2002]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 16.54 mg (12-22 mg) [sources: Groom_1997; Groom_2010; Hanley_2002; Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 16 mm (15-17 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
seed_shape (categorical): winged (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.9 m (0.2-1.6 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): spine (1); thorn (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Tsakalos_2020	15	16	J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
ABRS_2023	10	15	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Groom_1997	9	9	P. K. Groom and B. B. Lamont. “Fruit-seed relations in Hakea: serotinous species invest more dry matter in predispersal seed protection”. Austral Ecology 22.3 (1997), pp. 352-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00682.x.
Hanley_2002	7	7	M. E. Hanley and B. B. Lamont. “Relationships between physical and chemical attributes of congeneric seedlings: how important is seedling defence?”. Functional Ecology 16.2 (2002), pp. 216-222. ISSN: 1365-2435. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00612.x.
Jordan_2020	7	7	G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Lamont_2002	6	6	B. B. Lamont, P. K. Groom, and R. M. Cowling. “High leaf mass per area of related species assemblages may reflect low rainfall and carbon isotope discrimination rather than low phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations”. Functional Ecology 16 (2002), pp. 403-412. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00631.x.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
ABRS_1981	3	4	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
ABRS_2022	4	4	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Groom_2010	4	4	P. K. Groom and B. B. Lamont. “Phosphorus accumulation in Proteaceae seeds: A synthesis”. Plant and Soil 334.1-2 (2010), pp. 61-72. doi: 10.1007/s11104-009-0135-6.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_2006	2	4	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Kew_2019_1	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.