AusTraits

Hakea francisiana

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Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Hakea francisiana F.Muell.

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Hakea coriacea Maconochie (taxonomic synonym)
  • Hakea multilineata var. graminea Fairall (doubtful taxonomic synonym)
Misapplied names: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Hakea grammatophylla (F.Muell.) F.Muell. (pro parte misapplied)
  • Hakea multilineata Meisn. (pro parte misapplied)
  • Hakea multilineata Meisn. (misapplied)
  • Hakea multilineata var. grammatophylla (F.Muell.) Benth. (pro parte misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA, SA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, SA eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (3), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (18), ANBG_2019 (9), Barrett_2009 (6), Burrows_2008_2 (2), Burrows_2020 (2), Chen_2017 (5), Collette_2021 (1), Draper_2023 (3), Gosper_2022 (7), Groom_1997 (18), Hanley_2002 (7), Ilic_2000 (1), Jordan_2020 (12), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kew_2019_6 (3), Lamont_2002 (12), Munroe_2019 (1), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (20), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 66 traits from 156 records in 28 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_dry_mass (numerical): 1601.1 mg (1277.6-1924.6 mg) [sources: Groom_1997]
  • fruit_length (numerical): 20.13 mm (14-26 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 14.6 mm (10-20 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: Chen_2017; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: Chen_2017; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 1013.55 mm2 (964.3-1062.8 mm2) [sources: Lamont_2002]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 170 mm (80-260 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 8 mm (3-16 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 266.8 g/m2 (169.49-377.36 g/m2) [sources: Hanley_2002; Lamont_2002]
  • leaf_type (categorical): broadleaf (3) [sources: Hanley_2002; Lamont_2002]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): linear (1); strap-shaped (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: Jordan_2020]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Jordan_2020]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: ABRS_1981; Jordan_2020]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Jordan_2020]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Munroe_2019]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (5); tree (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Barrett_2009; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Jordan_2020; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1) [sources: ABRS_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): bird (2); insect (1) [sources: Draper_2023; Groom_1997]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
  • dispersers (categorical): wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnyyyynn (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; WAH_1998]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (2); soil_seedbank_absent (1) [sources: Barrett_2009; Gosper_2022]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (1); serotiny_moderate (2) [sources: Gosper_2022; Groom_1997]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): none (2) [sources: Groom_1997]
nutrient and stable isotope
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 10.97 mg (7.2-18.1 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Groom_1997; Hanley_2002; Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 12.36 mm (5.09-22 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 5.65 mm (3.19-9 mm) [sources: ANBG_2019; ABRS_2023; SAH_2023]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (2); sectoroid (1); winged (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; ANBG_2019; SAH_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.68 mg/mm3 (0.68-0.68 mg/mm3) [sources: Ilic_2000]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 6.25 m (2.5-8 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
SAH_20231320S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231118Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Groom_1997918P. K. Groom and B. B. Lamont. “Fruit-seed relations in Hakea: serotinous species invest more dry matter in predispersal seed protection”. Austral Ecology 22.3 (1997), pp. 352-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00682.x.
Jordan_20201212G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Lamont_2002612B. B. Lamont, P. K. Groom, and R. M. Cowling. “High leaf mass per area of related species assemblages may reflect low rainfall and carbon isotope discrimination rather than low phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations”. Functional Ecology 16 (2002), pp. 403-412. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00631.x.
ANBG_201969Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Gosper_202277C. R. Gosper, B. P. Miller, R. V. Gallagher, J. Kinloch, R. van Dongen, E. Adams, S. Barrett, A. Cochrane, S. Comer, L. McCaw, R. G. Miller, S. M. Prober, and C. J. Yates. “Mapping risk to plant populations from short fire intervals via relationships between maturation period and environmental productivity”. Plant Ecology (2022). doi: 10.1007/s11258-022-01229-6.
Hanley_200277M. E. Hanley and B. B. Lamont. “Relationships between physical and chemical attributes of congeneric seedlings: how important is seedling defence?”. Functional Ecology 16.2 (2002), pp. 216-222. ISSN: 1365-2435. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00612.x.
Barrett_200966S. Barrett, S. Comer, N. McQuoid, M. Porter, C. Tiller, and D. Utber. Identification and Conservation of Fire Sensitive Ecosystems and Species of the South Coast Natural Resource Management Region.. government. Department of Conservation and Land Management, South Coast Region, Western Australia, 2009.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
ABRS_198133B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Draper_202333J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Kew_2019_613Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
SAH_202233S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Burrows_2008_222N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_202022N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Ilic_200011J. Ilic, D. Boland, M. McDonald, D. G, and P. Blakemore. Woody density phase 1 - State of knowledge. National Carbon Accounting System. Technical Report 18. Tech. rep. Australian Greenhouse Office, Canberra, Australia, 2000.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.