AusTraits

Hakea incrassata

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Hakea incrassata R.Br.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Hakea leucadendron Meisn. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (5), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (22), ANBG_2019 (2), Barrett_2009 (3), Burrows_2008_2 (4), Burrows_2020 (4), Chen_2017 (5), Clarke_2015 (2), Collette_2021 (1), Detombeur_2021 (18), Enright_2014 (19), Gosper_2012 (6), Groom_1997 (9), Guilherme_Pereira_2019 (94), Harvey_2017 (6), Hayes_2018 (57), Jordan_2020 (8), Kew_2019_1 (3), Kew_2019_6 (1), Lamont_2002 (11), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Standish_2019 (6), Sweedman_2006 (4), Tsakalos_2020 (18), Tsakalos_2022 (2), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), vanderMoezel_1987 (3). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 102 traits from 332 records in 32 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (19) [sources: Barrett_2009; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Clarke_2015; Enright_2014; Gosper_2012; Groom_1997; Harvey_2017; Standish_2019; Tsakalos_2020; vanderMoezel_1987]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (10) [sources: Clarke_2015; Enright_2014]
  • fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 24 mo (24-24 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_dry_mass (numerical): 10327.5 mg (10327.5-10327.5 mg) [sources: Groom_1997]
  • fruit_length (numerical): 27.3 mm (17-33 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 26.15 mm (15-32 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): follicle (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006; Tsakalos_2020]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): black (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf morphology
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Barrett_2009; Gosper_2012; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (8) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Jordan_2020; Standish_2019; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): compact (1); prostrate (1); spreading (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
  • root_structure (categorical): proteoid_root (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (1) [sources: Groom_1997]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnynnnn (1); nnnnnyyyyyyn (3); nnnnyyyyyynn (1) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_1998; vanderMoezel_1987]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (4); soil_seedbank_absent (2) [sources: Enright_2014; Gosper_2012; Harvey_2017; Standish_2019]
  • serotiny (categorical): serotinous (2); serotiny_moderate (1) [sources: Gosper_2012; Groom_1997; Harvey_2017]
  • seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2022]
  • storage_organ (categorical): lignotuber (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; WAH_2023_2]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_buds (3); basal_stem_buds (2) [sources: Barrett_2009; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Groom_1997; Tsakalos_2022]
nutrient and stable isotope
  • leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 6.07 mg/g (4.12-6.48 mg/g) [sources: Guilherme_Pereira_2019; Lamont_2002]
  • leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.25 mg/g (0.19-0.34 mg/g) [sources: Detombeur_2021; Guilherme_Pereira_2019; Hayes_2018; Lamont_2002]
physiology
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 44.08 mg (11.18-60.1 mg) [sources: ANBG_2019; Groom_1997; Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 16 mm (12-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_1981]
  • seed_width (numerical): 16 mm (12-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • seed_shape (categorical): winged (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Guilherme_Pereira_20192194C. G. Pereira, P. E. Hayes, O. S. O'Sullivan, L. K. Weerasinghe, P. L. Clode, O. K. Atkin, and H. Lambers. “Trait convergence in photosynthetic nutrient-use efficiency along a 2-million year dune chronosequence in a global biodiversity hotspot”. Journal of Ecology 107.4 (2019), pp. 2006-2023. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13158.
Hayes_20181957P. E. Hayes, P. L. Clode, R. S. Oliveira, and H. Lambers. “Proteaceae from phosphorus-impoverished habitats preferentially allocate phosphorus to photosynthetic cells: An adaptation improving phosphorus-use efficiency”. Plant, Cell and Environment 41.3 (2018), pp. 605-619. doi: 10.1111/pce.13124.
ABRS_20231522Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Enright_2014319N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, B. B. Lamont, B. P. Miller, and V. C. Westcott. “Resistance and resilience to changing climate and fire regime depend on plant functional traits”. Journal of Ecology 102 (2014), pp. 1572-1581. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12306.
Detombeur_2021918F. de Tombeur, E. Laliberte, H. Lambers, M. Faucon, G. Zemunik, B. L. Turner, J. Cornelis, and G. Mahy. “A shift from phenol to silica-based leaf defenses during long-term soil and ecosystem development”. Ecology Letters 24.5 (2021), pp. 984-995. doi: 10.1111/ele.13713.
Tsakalos_20201718J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
Lamont_2002611B. B. Lamont, P. K. Groom, and R. M. Cowling. “High leaf mass per area of related species assemblages may reflect low rainfall and carbon isotope discrimination rather than low phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations”. Functional Ecology 16 (2002), pp. 403-412. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00631.x.
Groom_199799P. K. Groom and B. B. Lamont. “Fruit-seed relations in Hakea: serotinous species invest more dry matter in predispersal seed protection”. Austral Ecology 22.3 (1997), pp. 352-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00682.x.
Jordan_202088G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Gosper_201266C. R. Gosper, C. J. Yates, and S. M. Prober. “Changes in plant species and functional composition with time since fire in two mediterranean climate plant communities”. Journal of Vegetation Science 23.6 (2012), pp. 1071-1081. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01434.x.
Harvey_201766J. M. Harvey, A. J. M. Hopkins, M. A. Langley, C. R. Gosper, M. R. Williams, and C. J. Yates. “Long-term studies of post-fire reproduction in an Australian shrubland and woodland”. Australian Journal of Botany 65.4 (2017), p. 339. doi: 10.1071/bt17011.
Standish_201966R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
ABRS_198145B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Chen_201755Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Burrows_2008_244N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_202044N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_200624L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Barrett_200933S. Barrett, S. Comer, N. McQuoid, M. Porter, C. Tiller, and D. Utber. Identification and Conservation of Fire Sensitive Ecosystems and Species of the South Coast Natural Resource Management Region.. government. Department of Conservation and Land Management, South Coast Region, Western Australia, 2009.
Kew_2019_113Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_2023_223Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
vanderMoezel_198733P. G. van der Moezel, W. A. Loneragan, and D. T. Bell. “Northern Sandplain Kwongan - regeneration following fire, juvenile period and flowering phenology”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 69.4 (1987), pp. 123-132.
ANBG_201912Australian National Botanic Gardens. The National Seed Bank. 2018. url: http://www.anbg.gov.au/gardens/living/seedbank/.
Clarke_201522P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Tsakalos_202222J. L. Tsakalos, G. Ottaviani, S. Chelli, A. Rea, S. Elder, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Plant clonality in a soil-impoverished open ecosystem: insights from southwest Australian shrublands”. Annals of Botany 130.7 (2022), pp. 981-990. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcac131.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_202111J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
Kew_2019_611Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.