Hakea subsulcata

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Family Proteaceae

Taxonomy: Hakea subsulcata Meisn.

Synonyms: none listed in the APC 2026-07-30

Distribution (APC): WA

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_1981 (3), ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (17), Barrett_2009 (12), Burrows_2008_2 (2), Burrows_2020 (2), Chen_2017 (5), Clarke_2015 (3), Collette_2021 (1), Gosper_2012 (6), Groom_1997 (8), Jordan_2020 (3), Kew_2019_1 (2), Lamont_2002 (6), Mitchell_2008 (12), Shedley_2007 (2), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Sweedman_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 57 traits from 106 records in 23 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (5) [sources: Barrett_2009; Clarke_2015; Gosper_2012; Groom_1997]
post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (3) [sources: Barrett_2009; Clarke_2015]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 72 mo (72-72 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_dry_mass (numerical): 660.7 mg (660.7-660.7 mg) [sources: Groom_1997]
fruit_length (numerical): 15.8 mm (14-18 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 8.35 mm (7-9 mm) [sources: Groom_1997; ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): follicle (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (2) [sources: Chen_2017; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 81.1 mm2 (81.1-81.1 mm2) [sources: Lamont_2002]
leaf_length (numerical): 77.5 mm (30-125 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 0.9 mm (0.8-1 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 522.5 g/m2 (309.6-735.4 g/m2) [sources: Lamont_2002; Mitchell_2008]
leaf_type (categorical): needle (1) [sources: Lamont_2002]
leaf_shape (categorical): terete (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

life history

plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Barrett_2009; Gosper_2012; Shedley_2007; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_history (categorical): perennial (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Jordan_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (2); spreading (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; WAH_2022_2]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: ABRS_1981]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnyyyynnnn (3) [sources: ABRS_1981; Chen_2017; WAH_1998]
seedbank_location (categorical): canopy_seedbank (3); soil_seedbank_absent (1) [sources: Barrett_2009; Gosper_2012]
serotiny (categorical): serotinous (1); serotiny_moderate (1) [sources: Gosper_2012; Groom_1997]
seed_dormancy_class (categorical): non_dormant (1) [sources: Collette_2021]
bud_bank_location (categorical): none (2) [sources: Clarke_2015; Groom_1997]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_N_per_dry_mass (numerical): 7.34 mg/g (7.34-7.34 mg/g) [sources: Lamont_2002]
leaf_P_per_dry_mass (numerical): 0.36 mg/g (0.36-0.36 mg/g) [sources: Lamont_2002]
leaf_delta13C (numerical): -24.81 {delta}[ppth] (-24.81--24.81 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Mitchell_2008]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 4.93 mg (3.52-5.4 mg) [sources: Groom_1997; Kew_2019_1]
seed_length (numerical): 12.25 mm (10.5-14 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 5 mm (4-6 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1); winged (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.87 mg/mm3 (0.87-0.87 mg/mm3) [sources: Mitchell_2008]
huber_value (numerical): 0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} (0-0 mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf}) [sources: Mitchell_2008]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 2 m (1-3 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
ABRS_2023	10	17	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Barrett_2009	6	12	S. Barrett, S. Comer, N. McQuoid, M. Porter, C. Tiller, and D. Utber. Identification and Conservation of Fire Sensitive Ecosystems and Species of the South Coast Natural Resource Management Region.. government. Department of Conservation and Land Management, South Coast Region, Western Australia, 2009.
Mitchell_2008	12	12	P. J. Mitchell, E. J. Veneklaas, H. Lambers, and S. S. O. Burgess. “Using multiple trait associations to define hydraulic functional types in plant communities of south-western Australia”. Oecologia 158 (2008), pp. 385-397. doi: 10.1007/s00442-008-1152-5.
Groom_1997	8	8	P. K. Groom and B. B. Lamont. “Fruit-seed relations in Hakea: serotinous species invest more dry matter in predispersal seed protection”. Austral Ecology 22.3 (1997), pp. 352-355. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00682.x.
Gosper_2012	6	6	C. R. Gosper, C. J. Yates, and S. M. Prober. “Changes in plant species and functional composition with time since fire in two mediterranean climate plant communities”. Journal of Vegetation Science 23.6 (2012), pp. 1071-1081. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01434.x.
Lamont_2002	6	6	B. B. Lamont, P. K. Groom, and R. M. Cowling. “High leaf mass per area of related species assemblages may reflect low rainfall and carbon isotope discrimination rather than low phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations”. Functional Ecology 16 (2002), pp. 403-412. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2002.00631.x.
Chen_2017	5	5	Chen, S.-C., Cornwell, W., Z. H.-X., Moles, and A. T. “Plants show more flesh in the tropics: Variation in fruit type along latitudinal and climatic gradients.”. Ecography 40 (2017), pp. 531-538. doi: abs/10.1111/ecog.02010.
ABRS_2022	4	4	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Sweedman_2006	2	4	L. Sweedman and D. Merritt. Australian Seeds: A Guide to Their Collection, Identification, and Biology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. ISBN: 9780643094079.
WAH_2022_2	4	4	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
ABRS_1981	3	3	B. A. Barlow, H. T. Clifford, A. S. George, and A. K. A. McCusker. Flora of Australia. 1981. url: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/flora/main/.
Clarke_2015	3	3	P. J. Clarke, M. J. Lawes, B. P. Murphy, J. Russell-Smith, C. E. Nano, R. Bradstock, N. J. Enright, J. B. Fontaine, C. R. Gosper, I. Radford, J. J. Midgley, and R. M. Gunton. “A synthesis of postfire recovery traits of woody plants in Australian ecosystems”. Science of The Total Environment 534 (2015), pp. 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.002.
Jordan_2020	3	3	G. J. Jordan, R. J. Carpenter, B. R. Holland, N. J. Beeton, M. D. Woodhams, and T. J. Brodribb. “Links between environment and stomatal size through evolutionary time in Proteaceae”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287.1919 (2020), p. 20192876. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2876.
Burrows_2008_2	2	2	N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_2020	2	2	N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Kew_2019_1	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Shedley_2007	2	2	E. F. Shedley. Fire and Biodiversity Guidelines for the Avon Basin: Consultant Report to the Avon Catchment Council and the Department of Environment and Conservation, August 2007. Tech. rep. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia, 2007.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Collette_2021	1	1	J. C. Collette and M. K. J. Ooi. “Distribution of seed dormancy classes across a fire-prone continent: effects of rainfall seasonality and temperature”. Annals of Botany 127.5 (2021), pp. 613-620. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcaa203.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.