Heterozostera nigricaulis

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Family Zosteraceae

Taxonomy: Heterozostera nigricaulis J.Kuo

Synonyms: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)

Zostera muelleri Estuarine form (taxonomic synonym)
Zostera muelleri Estuarine variety (taxonomic synonym)
Zostera muelleri var. Estuarine (E.L.Robertson 13 Oct 1981) E.L.Robertson (taxonomic synonym)
Zostera nigricaulis (J.Kuo) S.W.L.Jacobs & Les (nomenclatural synonym)

Misapplied names: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)

Heterozostera tasmanica (G.Martens ex Asch.) Hartog (pro parte misapplied)
Zostera marina L. (pro parte misapplied)
Zostera muelleri Irmisch ex Asch. (pro parte misapplied)
Zostera tasmanica G.Martens ex Asch. (pro parte misapplied)

Distribution (APC): WA, SA, NSW, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (6), ABRS_2023 (24), NHNSW_2022 (6), NHNSW_2023 (11), RBGV_2022 (5), RBGV_2023 (10), Sjostrom_2006 (4), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), White_2020 (42), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (5). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 54 traits from 116 records in 11 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (2) [sources: White_2020]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): monoecious (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 2.5 mm (2-3 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 1.55 mm (1.1-2 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_height (numerical): 1.55 mm (1.1-2 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): achene (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (1); indehiscent (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_length (numerical): 165 mm (35-300 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 1.83 mm (0.5-3 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_shape (categorical): linear (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
leaf_base_shape (categorical): sheathing (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): toothed_dentate (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (1) [sources: RBGV_2023]
leaf_arrangement (categorical): distichous (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: White_2020]
plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid_not_tussock (1); herb (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022; White_2020]
life_form (categorical): geophyte (2) [sources: White_2020]
life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2023]
plant_growth_substrate (categorical): aquatic (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): erect (1); rhizomatous (1); submerged (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: White_2020]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (2) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (2) [sources: White_2020]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): hydrochory (2) [sources: White_2020]
dispersers (categorical): water (2) [sources: White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): yynnnnnnyyyy (1); yyynnnnnnyyy (1) [sources: White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (2) [sources: White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (2) [sources: White_2020]
storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]

seed morphology

seed_length (numerical): 3.05 mm (1.4-4 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023]
seed_width (numerical): 1.6 mm (1.1-2.1 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
seed_shape (categorical): ellipsoid (1); ovoid (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 0.3 m (0.3-0.3 m) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (2) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	21	42	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
ABRS_2023	16	24	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_2023	11	11	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_2023	8	10	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
ABRS_2022	6	6	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_2022	6	6	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RBGV_2022	5	5	VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
eFLOWER_Dun_2022	5	5	L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.