Ichnocarpus frutescens

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Family Apocynaceae

Taxonomy: Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton

Synonyms: 4 (APC 2026-07-30)

Apocynum frutescens L. (nomenclatural synonym)
Echites frutescens (L.) Roxb. (nomenclatural synonym)
Ichnocarpus frutescens var. leptodictyus (F.Muell.) Domin (taxonomic synonym)
Ichnocarpus leptodictyus F.Muell. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (18), ATRP_2020 (1), Apgaua_2017 (12), Cooper_2013 (12), Crowley_2007 (2), Kooyman_2011 (10), Metcalfe_2009 (17), NTH_2022 (4), NTH_2023 (18), Nano_2011 (2), Sjostrom_2006 (4), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (1), Wells_2012 (56), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (29). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 91 traits from 193 records in 18 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (3) [sources: Crowley_2007; Metcalfe_2009; Nano_2011]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (1) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
flower_diameter (numerical): 0.6 cm (0.3-0.9 cm) [sources: eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 95 mm (55-145 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; NTH_2023]
fruit_width (numerical): 5 mm (5-5 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
fruit_type (categorical): follicle (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (3); fleshy (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; Metcalfe_2009; Sjostrom_2006; Wells_2012]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3); indehiscent (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; NTH_2023; Sjostrom_2006; Wells_2012]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 1984.96 mm2 (526.07-4095 mm2) [sources: Metcalfe_2009; Wells_2012]
leaf_length (numerical): 60 mm (25-105 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
leaf_width (numerical): 42.5 mm (20-65 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 35.83 mg (14.57-57.68 mg) [sources: Wells_2012]
petiole_length (numerical): 0.85 cm (0.5-1.2 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 36.73 g/m2 (27.69-44.49 g/m2) [sources: Wells_2012]
leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.24 g/g (0.2-0.27 g/g) [sources: Wells_2012]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (2); lanceolate (2); obtriangular (1); ovate (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): opposite (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
plant_growth_form (categorical): climber (1); climber_herbaceous (4); climber_woody (5) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Apgaua_2017; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; Metcalfe_2009; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wells_2012; Wenk_2022]
life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: ABRS_2022; Metcalfe_2009; NTH_2022; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (3) [sources: ABRS_2022; NTH_2022; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): climbing (1) [sources: NTH_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
root_structure (categorical): mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): bee (1); fly (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009; Wells_2012]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
dispersers (categorical): wind (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2009; Wells_2012]
flowering_time (categorical): yyynnnnnnnnn (1); yyyynnnnnnny (1) [sources: Cooper_2013; WAH_1998]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2); bud-bearing_root (2); rhizome (2) [sources: Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]

nutrient and stable isotope

leaf_delta13C (numerical): -29.89 {delta}[ppth] (-29.89--29.89 {delta}[ppth]) [sources: Apgaua_2017]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 27 mg (27-27 mg) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
seed_length (numerical): 10.5 mm (7-20 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NTH_2023]
seed_shape (categorical): ovoid_elongated (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; NTH_2023]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.5 mg/mm3 (0.42-0.56 mg/mm3) [sources: Apgaua_2017; Wells_2012]
stem_vessel_density (numerical): 39.05 {count}/mm2 (39.05-39.05 {count}/mm2) [sources: Apgaua_2017]
stem_vessel_diameter (numerical): 105.97 um (105.97-105.97 um) [sources: Apgaua_2017]
stem_vessel_lumen_fraction (numerical): 0.33 mm2/mm2 (0.33-0.33 mm2/mm2) [sources: Apgaua_2017]

whole plant morphology

plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Wells_2012	23	56	J. A. Wells. “Phylogeny and inter-relations of ecological traits and seed dispersal in rainforest plants: Exploring aspects of functional diversity in primary and secondary rainforests in Australia's Wet Tropics.”. PhD. University of Queensland, 2012.
eFLOWER_Dun_2022	25	29	L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
ABRS_2023	13	18	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NTH_2023	13	18	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Metcalfe_2009	17	17	E. Laliberte, J. A. Wells, F. DeClerck, D. J. Metcalfe, C. P. Catterall, C. Queiroz, I. Aubin, S. P. Bonser, Y. Ding, J. M. Fraterrigo, S. McNamara, J. W. Morgan, D. S. Merlos, P. A. Vesk, and M. M. Mayfield. “Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities”. Ecology Letters 13.1 (2010), pp. 76-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01403.x.
Apgaua_2017	11	12	D. M. G. Apgaua, D. Y. P. Tng, L. A. Cernusak, A. W. Cheesman, R. M. Santos, W. J. Edwards, and S. G. W. Laurance. “Plant functional groups within a tropical forest exhibit different wood functional anatomy”. Functional Ecology 31.3 (2017), pp. 582-591. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12787.
Cooper_2013	9	12	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Kooyman_2011	7	10	R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
NTH_2022	4	4	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	4	4	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_2022	3	3	Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Crowley_2007	2	2	G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Nano_2011	2	2	C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
ATRP_2020	1	1	F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
WAH_2022_2	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.