Juncus kraussii

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Family Juncaceae

Taxonomy: Juncus kraussii Hochst.

Synonyms: 1 (APC 2026-07-30)

Juncus maritimus Lam. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld, NSW, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Burrows_2008_2 (2), Burrows_2020 (2), Draper_2023 (3), Hughes_1992 (3), Jordan_2001 (7), Kew_2019_1 (1), Kew_2019_3 (3), Kew_2019_6 (2), Mokany_2015 (3), NHNSW_2014_2 (4), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (6), NTH_2022 (2), NTH_2023 (5), SAH_2014 (1), SAH_2022 (2), SAH_2023 (3), Sjostrom_2006 (3), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (6), White_2020 (20), Williams_2011 (10). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 52 traits from 103 records in 26 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (1) [sources: White_2020]
fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering (numerical): 33 mo (33-33 mo) [sources: Burrows_2020]

flower morphology

flower_colour (categorical): red_brown (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 2.6 mm (2.2-3 mm) [sources: NTH_2023]
fruit_type (categorical): capsule (4) [sources: NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_colour (categorical): black (1); brown (1); red (1); yellow (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 2356.19 mm2 (2356.19-2356.19 mm2) [sources: Mokany_2015]
leaf_shape (categorical): linear (1); terete (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023; Wheeler_2002]
leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Wheeler_2002]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Wheeler_2002]
plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; SAH_2023]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3) [sources: Kew_2019_3; White_2020; Williams_2011]
plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (5); graminoid_not_tussock (1); herb (2); tussock (3) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002; White_2020; Williams_2011]
life_form (categorical): geophyte (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: Burrows_2008_2; Burrows_2020; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (5) [sources: NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
stem_growth_habit (categorical): caespitose (1); rhizomatous (2) [sources: NHNSW_2022; WAH_2022_2]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (2) [sources: White_2020; Williams_2011]
root_structure (categorical): non_mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): abiotic (1); insect (1); wind (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
pollination_system (categorical): abiotic (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): barochory (1); epizoochory (1); hydrochory (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020; Williams_2011]
dispersers (categorical): birds (1); water (1) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
flowering_time (categorical): ynnnnnnnnyyy (1); yynnnnnnnnyy (1); yynnnnnnyyyy (1); yyynnnnnnnny (1) [sources: Hughes_1992; NHNSW_2014_2; WAH_1998; White_2020]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: White_2020]
vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): vegetative (1) [sources: White_2020]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): rhizome (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; WAH_2023_2]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 0.04 mg (0.04-0.04 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1; Mokany_2015]
seed_length (numerical): 0.8 mm (0.8-0.8 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
seed_width (numerical): 0.4 mm (0.4-0.4 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 1.15 m (0.3-1.5 m) [sources: Hughes_1992; Mokany_2015; SAH_2014; WAH_2023_2; Wheeler_2002]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: White_2020]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
White_2020	20	20	M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Williams_2011	10	10	R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Jordan_2001	7	7	G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
NHNSW_2023	6	6	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wheeler_2002	6	6	J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
NTH_2023	4	5	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2014_2	4	4	Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_2022	4	4	N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_2	4	4	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Draper_2023	3	3	J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Hughes_1992	3	3	L. Hughes and B. Rice. “Unpublished data: Traits data for 643 species, Macquarie University”. 1992.
Kew_2019_3	3	3	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Salt and water tolerance data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Mokany_2015	3	3	K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
SAH_2023	3	3	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_2006	3	3	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2023_2	2	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Burrows_2008_2	2	2	N. D. Burrows, G. Wardell-Johnson, and B. Ward. “Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management”. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 91 (2008), pp. 163-174. ISSN: 0035922X. url: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/19156 (visited on 03/27/2025).
Burrows_2020	2	2	N. Burrows. Data from 'Plant Ecological Attributes' theme, NatureMap, DBCA, WA. 2020.
Kew_2019_6	1	2	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Germination data from the Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
NTH_2022	2	2	D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
SAH_2022	2	2	S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_1	1	1	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
SAH_2014	1	1	J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.