AusTraits

Lolium perenne

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Poaceae

Taxonomy: Lolium perenne L.

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Lolium perenne L. var. perenne (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Lolium perenne var. cristatum Pers. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA (naturalised), NT (naturalised), SA (naturalised), Qld (naturalised), NSW (naturalised), NI (naturalised), ACT (naturalised), Vic (naturalised), Tas (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (13), Catford_2014 (5), Cheal_2017 (4), Firn_2019 (6), Kubiak_2009 (1), Metcalfe_2020_2 (21), NHNSW_2014_2 (5), NHNSW_2022 (3), NHNSW_2023 (5), NSWFRD_2014 (2), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (7), SAH_2014 (2), SAH_2022 (3), SAH_2023 (4), Standish_2019 (6), Tsakalos_2020 (17), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (3), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 48 traits from 120 records in 22 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
flower morphology
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 3.9 mm (3.8-4 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 1.15 mm (1-1.3 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): caryopsis (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; WAH_2023_2]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (1); indehiscent (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 276 mm2 (276-276 mm2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 134.38 mm (30-200 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 5 mm (2-8 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Metcalfe_2020_2; RBGV_2023; SAH_2014]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 830.6 g/m2 (830.6-830.6 g/m2) [sources: Firn_2019]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): sheathing (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (3) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): conduplicate (2); flat (4) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_glaucousness (categorical): not_glaucous (2) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_hairs_adult_leaves (categorical): glabrous (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Tsakalos_2020]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (2) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): graminoid (8); herb (6); tussock (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; Catford_2014; Firn_2019; Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_form (categorical): hemicryptophyte (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
  • life_history (categorical): annual (4); biennial (3); perennial (5); short_lived_perennial (2) [sources: ABRS_2022; Catford_2014; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Standish_2019; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; Tsakalos_2020; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): decumbent (1); erect (2) [sources: RBGV_2022; Tsakalos_2020]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (3) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; Standish_2019; Tsakalos_2020]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: Tsakalos_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): wind (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnyyyn (1); ynnnnnnyyyyy (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; Tsakalos_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Standish_2019]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): widely_dispersed (1) [sources: Cheal_2017]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1); vegetative (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2020_2; NHNSW_2014_2]
nutrient and stable isotope
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 2 mg (2-2 mg) [sources: Catford_2014; Metcalfe_2020_2]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Metcalfe_2020_21921D. Metcalfe. “Unpublished data: Traits of Poaceae spp, CSIRO”. 2020.
Tsakalos_20201617J. L. Tsakalos, M. Renton, F. Riviera, E. J. Veneklaas, M. P. Dobrowolski, and L. Mucina. “Trait-based formal definition of plant functional types and functional communities in the multi-species and multi-traits context”. Ecological Complexity 40 (2019), p. 100787. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2019.100787.
ABRS_2023913Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
RBGV_202377VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Firn_201966J. Firn, J. M. McGree, E. Harvey, H. Flores-Moreno, M. Schuetz, Y. M. Buckley, E. T. Borer, E. W. Seabloom, K. J. L. Pierre, A. M. MacDougall, S. M. Prober, C. J. Stevens, L. L. Sullivan, E. Porter, E. Ladouceur, C. Allen, K. H. Moromizato, J. W. Morgan, W. S. Harpole, Y. Hautier, N. Eisenhauer, J. P. Wright, P. B. Adler, C. A. Arnillas, J. D. Bakker, L. Biederman, A. A. D. Broadbent, C. S. Brown, M. N. Bugalho, M. C. Caldeira, E. E. Cleland, A. Ebeling, P. A. Fay, N. Hagenah, A. R. Kleinhesselink, R. Mitchell, J. L. Moore, C. Nogueira, P. L. Peri, C. Roscher, M. D. Smith, P. D. Wragg, and A. C. Risch. “Leaf nutrients, not specific leaf area, are consistent indicators of elevated nutrient inputs”. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3.3 (2019), pp. 400-406. doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0790-1.
Standish_201966R. Standish. “Unpublished data: Jarrah forest, Murdoch University”. 2019.
Catford_201455J. A. Catford, W. K. Morris, P. A. Vesk, C. J. Gippel, and B. J. Downes. “Species and environmental characteristics point to flow regulation and drought as drivers of riparian plant invasion”. Diversity and Distributions 20 (2014), pp. 1084-1096. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12225.
NHNSW_2014_255Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NHNSW_202355N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Cheal_201744D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
SAH_202344S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_202233N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_202233S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_223Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
NSWFRD_201422B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
SAH_201422J. P. Jessop and H. R. Toelken. Flora of South Australia, 4th edition, 4 vols. Electronic version curated by J. Kellermann, State Herbarium of South Australia.. Government Printer, Adelaide, 1986.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kubiak_200911P. J. Kubiak. “Fire responses of bushland plants after the January 1994 wildfires in northern Sydney”. Cunninghamia 11.1 (2009), pp. 131-165.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.