Morinda citrifolia

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Family Rubiaceae

Taxonomy: Morinda citrifolia L.

Synonyms: 2 (APC 2026-07-30)

Morinda citrifolia L. var. citrifolia (nomenclatural synonym)
Morinda citrifolia var. typica Domin (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, CoI, ChI, NT, Qld

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: Brock_1993 (12), Cooper_2013 (13), Crowley_2007 (2), Gross_2005 (4), Kooyman_2011 (12), Metcalfe_2009 (16), Nano_2011 (2), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (8), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (1). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 37 traits from 83 records in 15 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response

resprouting_capacity (categorical): resprouts (4) [sources: Crowley_2007; Metcalfe_2009; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012]

flower morphology

sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (3) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]

fruit morphology

fruit_length (numerical): 70 mm (40-100 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
fruit_width (numerical): 45 mm (30-60 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
fruit_type (categorical): drupe (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (5) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Metcalfe_2009; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]

leaf morphology

leaf_area (numerical): 16500 mm2 (16500-16500 mm2) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
leaf_length (numerical): 212.5 mm (100-320 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011]
leaf_width (numerical): 108.75 mm (50-160 mm) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011]
leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1) [sources: Brock_1993]
leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (1) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
leaf_compoundness (categorical): simple (2) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011]

life history

photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (2); tree (6) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; Metcalfe_2009; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
life_form (categorical): phanerophyte (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
life_history (categorical): perennial (4) [sources: Brock_1993; Metcalfe_2009; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (2) [sources: WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (2) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011]
nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
root_structure (categorical): mycorrhizal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
pollination_syndrome (categorical): moth (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnyyyyyy (1); nnnyyyyyynnn (1); nyyyyyyyyyyn (1) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; WAH_1998]
seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): non_clonal (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2); epicormic_buds (2) [sources: Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]

seed morphology

seed_dry_mass (numerical): 34 mg (34-34 mg) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]
seed_length (numerical): 5.75 mm (5-6 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
seed_width (numerical): 3.5 mm (3-4 mm) [sources: Kooyman_2011]

stem morphology

wood_density (numerical): 0.7 mg/mm3 (0.7-0.7 mg/mm3) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]

whole plant morphology

plant_height (numerical): 6.67 m (1-10 m) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; WAH_2023_2]
plant_physical_defence_structures (categorical): absent (1) [sources: Metcalfe_2009]

Sources

dataset_id	n_traits	n_records	reference
Metcalfe_2009	16	16	E. Laliberte, J. A. Wells, F. DeClerck, D. J. Metcalfe, C. P. Catterall, C. Queiroz, I. Aubin, S. P. Bonser, Y. Ding, J. M. Fraterrigo, S. McNamara, J. W. Morgan, D. S. Merlos, P. A. Vesk, and M. M. Mayfield. “Land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity in plant communities”. Ecology Letters 13.1 (2010), pp. 76-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01403.x.
Cooper_2013	10	13	W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
Brock_1993	9	12	J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
Kooyman_2011	8	12	R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Sjostrom_2006	4	8	A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
Gross_2005	4	4	C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
RussellSmith_2012	4	4	J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
WAH_2022_2	3	3	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Crowley_2007	2	2	G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Nano_2011	2	2	C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
WAH_2023_2	1	2	Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_2022	2	2	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
WAH_1998	1	1	Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_2023	1	1	E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.
Wright_2000	1	1	I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.