AusTraits

Murraya paniculata

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Family Rutaceae

Taxonomy: Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack

Synonyms: 17 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Camunium exoticum (L.) Kuntze (taxonomic synonym)
  • Camunium heptaphylla Kuntze (orthographic variant)
  • Camunium heptaphyllum (Span.) Kuntze (taxonomic synonym)
  • Chalcas exotica (L.) Millsp. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Chalcas paniculata L. (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Chalcas paniculata var. zollingeri Tanaka (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraea exotica L. (orthographic variant)
  • Murraya exotica L. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya exotica L. var. exotica (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya exotica var. ovatifoliolata Engl. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya heptaphylla Span. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya ovatifoliolata (Engl.) Domin (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack var. paniculata (nomenclatural synonym)
  • Murraya paniculata var. exotica (L.) C.C.Huang (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya paniculata var. ovatifoliolata (Engl.) Swingle (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya paniculata var. zollingeri (Tanaka) Tanaka (taxonomic synonym)
  • Murraya scandens Hassk. (nomenclatural synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, ChI, NT, Qld, NSW (naturalised)

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (3), ABRS_2023 (14), ATRP_2020 (1), Brock_1993 (12), Butler_2004 (5), Cooper_2013 (24), Crowley_2007 (2), Gross_2005 (4), Kew_2019_1 (2), Kooyman_2011 (26), McCarthy_2017 (15), Mesaglio_2022 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (1), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (15), NTH_2022 (3), Nano_2011 (2), RadfordSmith_2024 (47), RussellSmith_2012 (4), Sjostrom_2006 (4), WAH_2022_1 (3), WAH_2022_2 (3), WAH_2023_1 (9), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wright_2000 (2), eFLOWER_Dun_2022 (27). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 77 traits from 238 records in 28 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); partial_resprouting (1); resprouts (1) [sources: Crowley_2007; Nano_2011; RussellSmith_2012]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): white_cream (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; eFLOWER_Dun_2022]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2) [sources: Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 11.67 mm (7-20 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; NHNSW_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 9.75 mm (7-12 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013]
  • fruit_type (categorical): berry (7) [sources: ABRS_2023; Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; NHNSW_2023; RadfordSmith_2024; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): fleshy (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): indehiscent (4) [sources: Cooper_2013; Gross_2005; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_colour (categorical): red (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 2125.21 mm2 (1336.05-3177.81 mm2) [sources: McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaflet_area (numerical): 366.51 mm2 (321.08-416.76 mm2) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 55.14 mm (12-170 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; WAH_2023_1]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 26.83 mm (5-60 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; WAH_2023_1]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 40.86 mg (35.34-46.44 mg) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 105.4 g/m2 (82.49-118.43 g/m2) [sources: McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.45 g/g (0.42-0.52 g/g) [sources: RadfordSmith_2024]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (3); narrowly_elliptical (1); obovate (2); obtriangular (1); ovate (2); rhomboidal (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_base_shape (categorical): cuneate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (1); toothed_crenate (1) [sources: NHNSW_2023]
  • leaf_margin_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: WAH_2023_1]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): unlobed (2) [sources: Kooyman_2011]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; WAH_2023_1]
  • leaf_lamina_posture (categorical): flat (1) [sources: WAH_2023_1]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (2) [sources: NHNSW_2023; WAH_2023_1]
  • leaf_arrangement (categorical): spiral (2) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (3) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; WAH_2023_1]
life history
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): shrub (8); tree (10) [sources: ABRS_2022; ATRP_2020; Brock_1993; Butler_2004; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • life_history (categorical): perennial (7) [sources: ABRS_2022; Brock_1993; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): woody (6) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; WAH_2022_1; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): bushy (1) [sources: NHNSW_2022]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (4) [sources: Brock_1993; Kooyman_2011; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): endozoochory (2) [sources: Butler_2004; RadfordSmith_2024]
  • dispersers (categorical): vertebrates (1) [sources: Butler_2004]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnnnnnnnyy (1); nynnnnnnnnnn (1); yynnnnyyyyyy (1); yyynnnnnyyyy (1) [sources: Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; Mesaglio_2022]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): transient (1) [sources: RussellSmith_2012]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): basal_stem_buds (2) [sources: Crowley_2007; Nano_2011]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 75.38 mg (67.43-83.33 mg) [sources: Kew_2019_1]
  • seed_length (numerical): 8.17 mm (6-9 mm) [sources: Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_width (numerical): 5.62 mm (4-7 mm) [sources: Butler_2004; RadfordSmith_2024; Kooyman_2011]
  • seed_shape (categorical): ovoid (1) [sources: ABRS_2023]
stem morphology
  • wood_density (numerical): 0.82 mg/mm3 (0.56-1 mg/mm3) [sources: McCarthy_2017; RadfordSmith_2024]
whole plant morphology
  • plant_height (numerical): 5.12 m (1-8 m) [sources: ABRS_2023; Brock_1993; Cooper_2013; Kooyman_2011; NHNSW_2023; WAH_2023_2]

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
RadfordSmith_20241647J. Radford-Smith, H. R. Lai, E. C. Weeren, and J. M. Dwyer. “A Functional Basis for the Assembly of Australian Subtropical Rainforest Tree Communities”. Ecology Letters 27.11 (2024). ISSN: 1461-0248. doi: 10.1111/ele.70014.
eFLOWER_Dun_20222427L. Dun and H. Sauquet. “Unpublished: Floral traits for GAP taxa, University of New South Wales, Australia”. 2022.
Kooyman_2011926R. Kooyman, M. Rossetto, W. Cornwell, and M. Westoby. “Phylogenetic tests of community assembly across regional to continental scales in tropical and subtropical rain forests”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20 (2011), pp. 707-716. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00641.x.
Cooper_20131024W. Cooper and W. T. Cooper. Australian rainforest fruits. CSIRO Publishing, 2013, p. 272.
McCarthy_2017315J. K. McCarthy, J. M. Dwyer, and K. Mokany. “A regional-scale assessment of using metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286.1915 (2019), p. 20192221. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2221.
NHNSW_20231315N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
ABRS_20231014Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
Brock_1993912J. Brock and A. Dunlop. Native plants of northern Australia. Reed New Holland, 1993. ISBN: 9781877069246.
WAH_2023_179Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Butler_200455D. W. Butler, R. J. Green, D. Lamb, W. J. F. Mcdonald, and P. I. Forster. “Biogeography of seed-dispersal syndromes, life-forms and seed sizes among woody rain-forest plants in Australia's subtropics”. Journal of Biogeography 34.10 (2007), pp. 1736-1750. ISSN: 1365-2699. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01734.x.
Gross_200544C. L. Gross. “A comparison of the sexual systems in the trees from the Australian tropics with other tropical biomes-more monoecy but why?”. American Journal of Botany 92.6 (2005), pp. 907-919. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.6.907.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
RussellSmith_201244J. Russell-Smith, M. R. Gardener, C. Brock, K. Brennan, C. P. Yates, and B. Grace. “Fire persistence traits can be used to predict vegetation response to changing fire regimes at expansive landscape scales - an Australian example”. Journal of Biogeography 39 (2012), pp. 1657-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02714.x.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
ABRS_202233Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NTH_202233D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_133Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
WAH_2022_233Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Crowley_200722G. Crowley, M. Gardener, and M. Marrinan. Tropical savannas fire response database. 2007. url: [www.landmanager.org.au](www.landmanager.org.au).
Kew_2019_112Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Nano_201122C. E. M. Nano and P. J. Clarke. “How do drought and fire influence the patterns of resprouting in Australian deserts?”. Plant Ecology 212 (2011), pp. 2095-2110. doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9988-x.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Wright_200022I. J. Wright, H. T. Clifford, R. Kidson, M. L. Reed, B. L. Rice, and M. Westoby. “A survey of seed and seedling characters in 1744 Australian dicotyledon species: Cross-species trait correlations and correlated trait-shifts within evolutionary lineages”. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69 (2000), pp. 521-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2000.tb01222.x.
ATRP_202011F. A. Zich, B. P. Hyland, T. Whiffin, and R. A. Kerrigan. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 8. 2020. url: https://apps.lucidcentral.org/rainforest/text/intro/index.html.
Mesaglio_202211T. Mesaglio. “Unpublished data: Comprehensive biodiversity survey of Wategora Reserve and Everley Park along Duck River, western Sydney”. 2022. doi: 10.32942/X29886.
NHNSW_2014_211Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.