AusTraits

Oxalis perennans

Explore the data for this taxon in the portal

Family Oxalidaceae

Taxonomy: Oxalis perennans Haw.

Synonyms: 3 (APC 2026-07-30)
  • Oxalis cognata Steud. (taxonomic synonym)
  • Oxalis corniculata var. preissiana (Steud.) R.Knuth (taxonomic synonym)
  • Oxalis preissiana Steud. (taxonomic synonym)

Distribution (APC): WA, NT, SA, Qld, NSW, ACT, Vic, Tas

Profiles: APC, Flora of Australia, ALA, iNaturalist, NSW Flora, NT eFlora, SA eFlora, Vic Flora, Florabase, ATRP

Traits

Top source datasets: ABRS_2022 (4), ABRS_2023 (27), Catford_2014 (8), Cheal_2017 (9), Doherty_2021 (2), Draper_2023 (2), Dwyer_2017 (5), Jordan_2001 (6), Kew_2019_1 (1), Meers_2007 (11), Mokany_2008 (41), Mokany_2015 (2), Munroe_2019 (1), NHNSW_2014_2 (2), NHNSW_2022 (4), NHNSW_2023 (17), NSWFRD_2014 (7), NTH_2022 (4), NTH_2023 (7), OReillyNugent_2018 (2), Pickup_2021 (18), RBGV_2022 (4), RBGV_2023 (24), SAH_2022 (2), SAH_2023 (14), Sjostrom_2006 (4), TMAG_2009 (12), WAH_1998 (1), WAH_2022_2 (4), WAH_2023_2 (2), Wenk_2022 (2), Wenk_2023 (1), Wheeler_2002 (10), White_2020 (19), Williams_2005 (5), Williams_2011 (9). See below for a full list of sources.
Summary: AusTraits contains 75 traits from 293 records in 36 datasets.

Traits by category (click to expand). For categorical traits, the values are listed. For numerical traits, the mean and range are shown.

fire response
  • resprouting_capacity (categorical): fire_killed (1); partial_resprouting (6); resprouts (5) [sources: Cheal_2017; Doherty_2021; Meers_2007; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021; White_2020]
  • post_fire_recruitment (categorical): post_fire_recruitment (8); post_fire_recruitment_absent (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; NSWFRD_2014; Pickup_2021]
flower morphology
  • flower_colour (categorical): yellow_orange (1) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2]
  • sex_type (categorical): hermaphrodite (2); monoecious (1) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
fruit morphology
  • fruit_length (numerical): 18.5 mm (4-30 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • fruit_width (numerical): 2 mm (1.5-2.5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_height (numerical): 2 mm (1.5-2.5 mm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • fruit_type (categorical): capsule (6) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_fleshiness (categorical): dry (2) [sources: Jordan_2001; Sjostrom_2006]
  • fruit_dehiscence (categorical): dehiscent (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Sjostrom_2006]
leaf morphology
  • leaf_area (numerical): 76.65 mm2 (47.12-116.9 mm2) [sources: Meers_2007; Mokany_2008; Mokany_2015]
  • leaf_length (numerical): 10.69 mm (2-25 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_width (numerical): 10.06 mm (2-28 mm) [sources: Mokany_2008; ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_dry_mass (numerical): 1.63 mg (1.1-2.6 mg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • petiole_length (numerical): 2.5 cm (1-4 cm) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • leaf_mass_per_area (numerical): 24.72 g/m2 (18.56-30.84 g/m2) [sources: Catford_2014; Dwyer_2017; Meers_2007; Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_mass_fraction (numerical): 0.24 g/g (0.17-0.3 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_dry_matter_content (numerical): 0.13 g/g (0.12-0.15 g/g) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • leaf_shape (categorical): elliptical (1); obcordate (6); oblong (3); obovate (3); obtriangular (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_margin (categorical): entire (2) [sources: ABRS_2023]
  • leaf_lobation (categorical): lobed (5); unlobed (1) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_compoundness (categorical): compound (7) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023; TMAG_2009; Wheeler_2002]
  • leaf_phyllotaxis (categorical): alternate (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
  • leaf_inclination_angle (numerical): 53.67 deg (37-65 deg) [sources: Mokany_2008]
  • plant_photosynthetic_organ (categorical): leaf (5) [sources: ABRS_2023; NHNSW_2023; NTH_2023; RBGV_2023; SAH_2023]
life history
  • photosynthetic_pathway (categorical): c3 (3); cam (1) [sources: Mokany_2008; Munroe_2019; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • plant_growth_form (categorical): herb (19) [sources: ABRS_2022; Catford_2014; NHNSW_2022; NSWFRD_2014; NTH_2022; Pickup_2021; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; TMAG_2009; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022; Wheeler_2002; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • life_form (categorical): geophyte (2); hemicryptophyte (3) [sources: Cheal_2017; Meers_2007; Mokany_2008; Williams_2005; Williams_2011]
  • life_history (categorical): annual (1); perennial (10); short_lived_perennial (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Catford_2014; Cheal_2017; Jordan_2001; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; TMAG_2009; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2023; Wheeler_2002; Williams_2005]
  • woodiness_detailed (categorical): herbaceous (7); woody_root (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; SAH_2022; WAH_2022_2; Wenk_2022]
  • stem_growth_habit (categorical): creeping (2); decumbent (4); erect (4); prostrate (1); spreading (1) [sources: ABRS_2022; Catford_2014; NHNSW_2022; NTH_2022; RBGV_2022; WAH_2022_2]
  • leaf_phenology (categorical): evergreen (1) [sources: TMAG_2009]
  • nitrogen_fixing (categorical): non_nitrogen_fixer (4) [sources: Meers_2007; Mokany_2008; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • root_structure (categorical): arbuscular_mycorrhizal (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • parasitic (categorical): not_parasitic (1) [sources: White_2020]
  • pollination_syndrome (categorical): insect (2) [sources: Draper_2023; White_2020]
  • pollination_system (categorical): biotic_unspecialised (1) [sources: Williams_2011]
  • dispersal_syndrome (categorical): anemochory (1); ballistic (2); barochory (2) [sources: Catford_2014; Draper_2023; Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2011]
  • flowering_time (categorical): nnnnynnnnnny (1); nnnnyyyyyyyy (1); nnnyyyyyyynn (1); yyyyyyyyyyyy (2) [sources: NHNSW_2014_2; NSWFRD_2014; TMAG_2009; WAH_1998; White_2020]
  • seedbank_location (categorical): soil_seedbank (1) [sources: Williams_2005]
  • seedbank_longevity_class (categorical): persistent (1); transient (1) [sources: Cheal_2017; White_2020]
  • vegetative_reproduction_ability (categorical): not_vegetative (1); vegetative (2) [sources: Meers_2007; White_2020; Williams_2005]
  • clonal_spread_mechanism (categorical): stolon (2) [sources: Meers_2007; Williams_2011]
  • storage_organ (categorical): rhizome (2) [sources: ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • bud_bank_location (categorical): bud-bearing_root (1); rhizome (1) [sources: Doherty_2021; NSWFRD_2014]
seed morphology
  • seed_dry_mass (numerical): 1.61 mg (0.18-6.6 mg) [sources: Catford_2014; Dwyer_2017; Kew_2019_1; Meers_2007; Williams_2005]
  • seed_length (numerical): 1.76 mm (1.5-2.2 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001; ABRS_2023; RBGV_2023]
  • seed_width (numerical): 0.3 mm (0.3-0.3 mm) [sources: Jordan_2001]
whole plant morphology

Sources

dataset_idn_traitsn_recordsreference
Mokany_20081941K. Mokany and J. Ash. “Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?”. Journal of Vegetation Science 19 (2008), pp. 119-126. doi: 10.3170/2007-8-18340.
ABRS_20231827Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
RBGV_20231724VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
White_20201919M. White, S. Sinclair, and D. Frood. Victorian Vital Attributes Database. database. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Victoria, 2020.
Pickup_2021318M. Pickup and T. McDonald. Bushfire impacts — A national model for assessing local landscape restoration priorities. Project Phoenix Report. Greening Australia, 2021. url: https://www.greeningaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.02R2.pdf.
NHNSW_20231317N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2023. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
SAH_20231114S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
TMAG_20091012Tasmanian Herbarium. Flora of Tasmania Online. 2009. url: http://www.tmag.tas.gov.au/floratasmania.
Meers_20071111T. Meers. “Role of plant functional traits in determining the response of vegetation to land use change on the Delatite Peninsula, Victoria.”. PhD. University of Melbourne, 2007.
Wheeler_2002810J. R. Wheeler, N. G. Marchant, and M. Lewington. Flora of the south west: Bunbury, Augusta, Denmark. Australian Biological Resources Study ; University of Western Australia Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780642568168.
Cheal_201799D. Cheal. Growth stages and tolerable fire intervals for Victoria's native vegetation data sets. Fire and adaptive management, report no. 84. Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, 2010.
Williams_201199R. P. Duncan, S. E. Clemants, R. T. Corlett, A. K. Hahs, M. A. McCarthy, M. J. McDonnell, M. W. Schwartz, K. Thompson, P. A. Vesk, and N. S. G. Williams. “Plant traits and extinction in urban areas: a meta-analysis of 11 cities”. Global Ecology and Biogeography 20.4 (2011), pp. 509-519. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00633.x.
Catford_201488J. A. Catford, W. K. Morris, P. A. Vesk, C. J. Gippel, and B. J. Downes. “Species and environmental characteristics point to flow regulation and drought as drivers of riparian plant invasion”. Diversity and Distributions 20 (2014), pp. 1084-1096. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12225.
NSWFRD_201477B. Kenny, C. Orscheg, E. Tasker, M. A. Gill, and R. Bradstock. NSW Flora Fire Response Database, v2.1. database. NSW Department of Planning Industry and Environment, 2014.
NTH_202377D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
Jordan_200166G. J. Jordan. “An investigation of long-distance dispersal based on species native to both Tasmania and New Zealand”. Australian Journal of Botany 49.3 (2001), pp. 333-340. doi: 10.1071/bt00024.
Dwyer_201735J. M. Dwyer and D. C. Laughlin. “Constraints on trait combinations explain climatic drivers of biodiversity: The importance of trait covariance in community assembly”. Ecology Letters 20.7 (2017), pp. 872-882. doi: 10.1111/ele.12781.
Williams_200555N. S. G. Williams, J. W. Morgan, M. J. McDonnell, and M. A. McCarthy. “Plant traits and local extinctions in natural grasslands along an urban-rural gradient”. Journal of Ecology 93.6 (2005), pp. 1203-1213. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01039.x.
ABRS_202244Australian Biological Resources Study. Flora of Australia, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.ausflora.org.au.
NHNSW_202244N. H. of New South Wales. The Plant Information Network System of The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Version 2.0.. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
NTH_202244D. of Land Resource Management and N. T. of Australia. Northern Territory Flora Online. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://eflora.nt.gov.au/.
RBGV_202244VicFlora. Flora of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/.
Sjostrom_200644A. Sjöström and C. L. Gross. “Life-history characters and phylogeny are correlated with extinction risk in the Australian angiosperms”. Journal of Biogeography 33.2 (2006), pp. 271-290. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01393.x.
WAH_2022_244Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2022. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Doherty_202122M. Doherty. “Fire Severity and Plant Community Dynamics in the Australian Alps, Southeastern New South Wales”. PhD. Australian National University, 2021. url: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/224564.
Draper_202322J. T. Draper, S. Delean, J. G. Conran, P. Weinstein, and B. S. Simpson. “Life-history characteristics and climate correlates of dioecious plant species in central southern Australia”. Australian Journal of Botany unknown.unknown (2023), p. unknown. doi: 10.1071/BT22110.
Mokany_201522K. Mokany, J. J. Thomson, A. J. J. Lynch, G. J. Jordan, and S. Ferrier. “Linking changes in community composition and function under climate change”. Ecological Applications 25.8 (2015), pp. 2132-2141. doi: 10.1890/14-2384.1.
NHNSW_2014_222Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney. PLantNET: NSW flora online. 2014. url: http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/.
OReillyNugent_201822A. O'Reilly-Nugent, E. Wandrag, C. Catford, B. Gruber, D. Driscoll, and R. Duncan. “Measuring competitive impact: Joint-species modelling of invaded plant communities”. Journal of Ecology 108 (2018), pp. 449-459.
SAH_202222S. H. of South Australia. eFlora of SA, Electronic Flora of South Australia. accessed on 6 May, 2022.. 2022. url: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/.
WAH_2023_212Western Australian Herbarium. Florabase—the Western Australian Flora.. accessed on 14 September, 2022.. 2023. url: https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/.
Wenk_202222E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant growth forms dataset”. 2022.
Kew_2019_111Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Seed Information Database (SID) and Seed Bank Database. 2019. url: http://data.kew.org/sid/.
Munroe_201911S. E. M. Munroe, F. A. McInerney, J. Andrae, N. Welti, G. R. Guerin, E. Leitch, T. Hall, S. Szarvas, R. Atkins, S. Caddy-Retalic, and B. Sparrow. “The Photosynthetic Pathways of Plant Species Surveyed in Australia's National Terrestrial Monitoring Network”. Scientific Data 8 (2021), p. 97. doi: 10.1038/s41597-021-00877-z.
WAH_199811Western Australian Herbarium. FloraBase: The Western Australian flora. 1998. url: http://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au.
Wenk_202311E. Wenk. “Unpublished data: Australian plant life history dataset, University of New South Wales, Sydney”. 2023.